Abstract
Two protein forms of tyrosine phosphatase epsilon (PTPε) are known - receptor-like (tm-PTPε) and non receptor-like (cyt-PTPε), with each form possessing unique tissue-specific expression patterns, subcellular localization, and physiological functions. We describe two additional forms of PTPε protein - p67 and p65. p67 is produced by initiation of translation at an internal initiation codon of PTPε mRNA molecules, while p65 is produced by specific proteolytic cleavage of larger PTPε proteins. Cleavage is inhibited by MG132, but is proteasome-independent. In contrast with full-length tm-PTPε and cyt-PTPε, p67 and p65 are exclusively cytoplasmic, are not phosphorylated by Neu, and do not associate with Grb2 in unstimulated cells, p67 and p65 are catalytically active and can reduce Src-mediated phosphorylation of the Kv2.1 voltage-gated potassium channel, albeit with reduced efficiency which most likely results from their cytoplasmic localization. We also show that full-length cyt-PTPε protein can be found at the cell membrane and in the nucleus and that it is the first 27 residues of cyt-PTPε which determine this localization. p67 and p65 provide mechanisms for removing PTPε activity from the cell membrane, possibly serving to down-regulate PTPε activity there. PTPε emerges as a family of four related proteins whose expression, subcellular localization and most likely physiological roles are subject to complex regulation at the transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 4375-4384 |
Number of pages | 10 |
Journal | Oncogene |
Volume | 19 |
Issue number | 38 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 7 Sep 2000 |
Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:We thank Dr Chaim Kahana for helpful advice and for critical reading of this manuscript. We also thank Drs C Kahana, M Lazdunski, S Courtneidge, WJ Muller and J Sap for their kind gifts of reagents. This study was supported by The Israel Science Foundation, founded by The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, by the Pasteur-Weizmann Joint Research Program, by the Levine Fund, by the Louis Chor Memorial Trust, and by the Paul and Annetta Himmelfarb Foundation, Inc. A Elson is an Alon Fellow and incumbent of the Adolfo and Evelyn Blum Career Development Chair in Cancer Research.
Funding
We thank Dr Chaim Kahana for helpful advice and for critical reading of this manuscript. We also thank Drs C Kahana, M Lazdunski, S Courtneidge, WJ Muller and J Sap for their kind gifts of reagents. This study was supported by The Israel Science Foundation, founded by The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, by the Pasteur-Weizmann Joint Research Program, by the Levine Fund, by the Louis Chor Memorial Trust, and by the Paul and Annetta Himmelfarb Foundation, Inc. A Elson is an Alon Fellow and incumbent of the Adolfo and Evelyn Blum Career Development Chair in Cancer Research.
Funders | Funder number |
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Annetta Himmelfarb Foundation, Inc. | |
Levine Fund | |
Louis Chor Memorial Trust | |
Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities | |
Israel Science Foundation |
Keywords
- Cleavage
- MG132
- Phosphatase
- Proteolysis
- Translational regulation
- Tyrosine