Generalized virial equation for nonlinear multiplicative Langevin dynamics: Application to laser-cooled atoms

Gianmaria Falasco, Eli Barkai, Marco Baiesi

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

8 Scopus citations

Abstract

The virial theorem, and the equipartition theorem in the case of quadratic degrees of freedom, are handy constraints on the statistics of equilibrium systems. Their violation is instrumental in determining how far from equilibrium a driven system might be. We extend the virial theorem to nonequilibrium conditions for Langevin dynamics with nonlinear friction and multiplicative noise. In particular, we generalize it for confined laser-cooled atoms in the semiclassical regime. The resulting relation between the lowest moments of the atom position and velocity allows to measure in experiments how dissipative the cooling mechanism is. Moreover, its violation can reveal the departure from a strictly harmonic confinement or from the semiclassical regime.

Original languageEnglish
Article number024143
JournalPhysical Review E
Volume105
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Feb 2022

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 American Physical Society.

Funding

The support of Israel Science Foundation's grant is acknowledged (E.B.).

FundersFunder number
Israel Science Foundation

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