Abstract
Forward Brillouin scattering is a nonlinear interaction between co-propagating optical waves and mechanical cladding modes. The effect has emerged as a new modality for fiber sensing of media beyond the cladding boundaries, where guided light cannot reach. Forward Brillouin scattering has been mostly examined over to single-mode fibers. Here we extend the study of forward Brillouin scattering to the few optical modes regime. We predict and observe the stimulation of new classes of mechanical cladding modes, with first-order and fourth-order azimuthal symmetries, which are inaccessible in single-mode fibers. The frequencies range of the process is extended to 1.8 GHz. We also report the stimulation of mechanical cladding modes above their cut-off frequencies, where they are not entirely transverse. Lastly, we demonstrate the detection of liquid outside the cladding of the few-mode fiber using the mechanical modes of first-order azimuthal symmetry, reached herein for the first time.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | 29th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors |
| Editors | Jose Luis Santos, Manuel Lopez-Amo Sainz, Tong Sun |
| Publisher | SPIE |
| ISBN (Electronic) | 9781510691872 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 2025 |
| Event | 29th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors - Porto, Portugal Duration: 25 May 2025 → 30 May 2025 |
Publication series
| Name | Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering |
|---|---|
| Volume | 13639 |
| ISSN (Print) | 0277-786X |
| ISSN (Electronic) | 1996-756X |
Conference
| Conference | 29th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors |
|---|---|
| Country/Territory | Portugal |
| City | Porto |
| Period | 25/05/25 → 30/05/25 |
Bibliographical note
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Keywords
- Brillouin scattering
- few-mode fibers
- nonlinear optics
- optical fiber sensing
- Optical fibers
- opto-mechanics