Fault current limiters (fcl) with the cores staurated by superconducting coils

A superconducting short circuit current limiter (40 a) for an alternating current system includes AC reactors having superconducting direct current bias windings (4 a , 4 b) that at normal conditions maintain the reactor's cores in saturated state. There are at least two AC coils (3 a , 3 b) for each phase operating at opposite half periods or at both half periods. The reactor may also have an additional feedback coil (42 a , 42 b) that at least partly compensates for the bias field of the superconducting coil at fault conditions enhancing a limiting capacity of the reactor. The reactor's core can be configured for decreasing its dimensions and mass as compared with known devices and for decreasing core losses. High voltage/high current devices include several standard modules connected in series or/and in parallel. A positional relationship of the modules is defined for decreasing necessary numbers of Amp?re-turns of superconducting and non-superconducting coils.