Failed vacuum and preterm delivery risk in the subsequent pregnancy: a multicenter retrospective cohort study

Maayan Blum, Hila Hochler, Hen Y. Sela, Tzuria Peled, Ori Ben-Zion, Ari Weiss, Michal Lipschuetz, Joshua Isaac Rosenbloom, Sorina Grisaru-Granovsky, Misgav Rottenstreich

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

2 Scopus citations

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Second-stage cesarean delivery is associated with subsequent preterm delivery. Failed vacuum-assisted delivery is a subgroup of second-stage cesarean delivery in which the fetal head is engaged deeper in the pelvis and, thus, is associated with an increased risk of short-term maternal complications. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the maternal and neonatal outcomes of women at their subsequent delivery after a second-stage cesarean delivery with failed vacuum-assisted extraction vs after a second-stage cesarean delivery without a trial of vacuum-assisted extraction. STUDY DESIGN: This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study. The study population included all women in their subsequent pregnancy after a second-stage cesarean delivery who delivered in all university-affiliated obstetrical centers (n=4) in a single geographic area between 2003 and 2021. Maternal and neonatal outcomes of women who had second-stage cesarean delivery after a failed vacuum-assisted delivery were compared with women who had second-stage cesarean delivery without a trial of vacuum-assisted delivery. The primary outcome of this study was preterm delivery at <37 weeks of gestation. The secondary outcomes were vaginal birth rate and other adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Univariate analysis was followed by multiple logistic regression modeling. RESULTS: During the study period, 1313 women met the inclusion criteria, of whom 215 (16.4%) had a history of failed vacuum-assisted delivery at the previous delivery and 1098 (83.6%) did not. In univariate analysis, women with previously failed vacuum-assisted delivery had similar preterm delivery rates (<37, <34, <32, and <28 weeks of gestation), a successful trial of labor after cesarean delivery rates, uterine rupture, and hysterectomy. However, multivariable analyses controlling for confounders showed that a history of failed vacuum-assisted delivery is associated with a higher risk of preterm delivery at <37 weeks of gestation (adjusted odds ratio, 2.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.11–3.79; P=.02), but not with preterm delivery at <34 or <32 weeks of gestation. CONCLUSION: Among women with a previous second-stage cesarean delivery, previously failed vacuum-assisted delivery was associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery at <37 weeks of gestation in the subsequent birth.

Original languageEnglish
Article number101121
JournalAmerican Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology MFM
Volume5
Issue number10
DOIs
StatePublished - Oct 2023
Externally publishedYes

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Elsevier Inc.

Funding

This study received no funding.

Keywords

  • cesarean delivery
  • complications
  • failed vacuum
  • maternal outcomes
  • preterm delivery
  • second-stage cesarean

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