Fabrication of Ion Beam–Modified Flexible Plasmonic-Based Au-ITO-PET Substrates for SERS Applications

Akanksha Motla; Raj Kumar; G. R. Umapathy; Rajendra Singh; Venugopal Rao Soma; D. K. Avasthi; S. Annapoorni

doi:10.1007/s11468-024-02497-w

Fabrication of Ion Beam–Modified Flexible Plasmonic-Based Au-ITO-PET Substrates for SERS Applications

Akanksha Motla
, Raj Kumar
, G. R. Umapathy
, Rajendra Singh
, Venugopal Rao Soma
, D. K. Avasthi
, S. Annapoorni

University of Delhi
Inter University Accelerator Centre India
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
University of Hyderabad
University of Petroleum and Energy Studies

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

3 Scopus citations

Abstract

The thermal evaporation technique was utilized to deposit a gold (Au) thin film on commercial Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)–coated Polyethylene Terephthalate (ITO-PET) sheets. These Au-deposited sheets of ITO-PET were subsequently irradiated by 10 keV Ar⁺ ions at fluences of 1 × 10¹⁶ and 3 × 10¹⁶ ions/cm². The thickness of Au and ITO-PET following irradiation of the pristine and irradiated samples were then investigated using the Rutherford backscattering (RBS) experiment. The film with the highest irradiation demonstrated a maximum decrease in the thickness of Au when compared to the as-prepared Au film. FESEM data suggests an observable change in the morphologies, but interestingly, Au-ITO-PET irradiated at a fluence of 3 × 10¹⁶ ions/cm² showcases an interesting morphology of rod-like structures with globules connected and with nano-holes on the surface. Further, the EDAX analysis confirms the decrease of Au, which is analogous to results obtained from RBS. The pristine and irradiated Au surface roughness on ITO-PET samples increased with irradiation, as analyzed using atomic force microscopy. The transmission spectra for these samples were studied using UV–visible absorption spectroscopy. A minimum was observed at 560 nm for Au-ITO-PET irradiated substrate at a fluence of 3 × 10¹⁶ ions/cm², showcasing the plasmonic properties due to the formation of Au nanostructures. The pristine and the ion-modified substrates were examined as SERS substrates for detecting RhB dye as an analyte at concentrations of micro-M (µM) and nano-M (nM). Interesting results were obtained showing Raman modes for PET and RhB. These experiments lay a new area of research on polymer as a substrate for SERS with the presence of noble metals. Surface roughness and formation of plasmonic metal nanostructures are two critical parameters for SERS. The work here reports and investigates how a polymer as a base substrate affects SERS detection using ion beam modification.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	4169-4180
Number of pages	12
Journal	Plasmonics
Volume	20
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-024-02497-w
State	Published - Jun 2025
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

Keywords

Au
ITO-PET
Ion irradiation
RhB
SERS

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10.1007/s11468-024-02497-w

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title = "Fabrication of Ion Beam–Modified Flexible Plasmonic-Based Au-ITO-PET Substrates for SERS Applications",

abstract = "The thermal evaporation technique was utilized to deposit a gold (Au) thin film on commercial Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)–coated Polyethylene Terephthalate (ITO-PET) sheets. These Au-deposited sheets of ITO-PET were subsequently irradiated by 10 keV Ar+ ions at fluences of 1 × 1016 and 3 × 1016 ions/cm2. The thickness of Au and ITO-PET following irradiation of the pristine and irradiated samples were then investigated using the Rutherford backscattering (RBS) experiment. The film with the highest irradiation demonstrated a maximum decrease in the thickness of Au when compared to the as-prepared Au film. FESEM data suggests an observable change in the morphologies, but interestingly, Au-ITO-PET irradiated at a fluence of 3 × 1016 ions/cm2 showcases an interesting morphology of rod-like structures with globules connected and with nano-holes on the surface. Further, the EDAX analysis confirms the decrease of Au, which is analogous to results obtained from RBS. The pristine and irradiated Au surface roughness on ITO-PET samples increased with irradiation, as analyzed using atomic force microscopy. The transmission spectra for these samples were studied using UV–visible absorption spectroscopy. A minimum was observed at 560 nm for Au-ITO-PET irradiated substrate at a fluence of 3 × 1016 ions/cm2, showcasing the plasmonic properties due to the formation of Au nanostructures. The pristine and the ion-modified substrates were examined as SERS substrates for detecting RhB dye as an analyte at concentrations of micro-M (µM) and nano-M (nM). Interesting results were obtained showing Raman modes for PET and RhB. These experiments lay a new area of research on polymer as a substrate for SERS with the presence of noble metals. Surface roughness and formation of plasmonic metal nanostructures are two critical parameters for SERS. The work here reports and investigates how a polymer as a base substrate affects SERS detection using ion beam modification.",

keywords = "Au, ITO-PET, Ion irradiation, RhB, SERS",

author = "Akanksha Motla and Raj Kumar and Umapathy, \{G. R.\} and Rajendra Singh and Soma, \{Venugopal Rao\} and Avasthi, \{D. K.\} and S. Annapoorni",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.",

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month = jun,

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AU - Motla, Akanksha

AU - Kumar, Raj

AU - Umapathy, G. R.

AU - Singh, Rajendra

AU - Soma, Venugopal Rao

AU - Avasthi, D. K.

AU - Annapoorni, S.

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

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N2 - The thermal evaporation technique was utilized to deposit a gold (Au) thin film on commercial Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)–coated Polyethylene Terephthalate (ITO-PET) sheets. These Au-deposited sheets of ITO-PET were subsequently irradiated by 10 keV Ar+ ions at fluences of 1 × 1016 and 3 × 1016 ions/cm2. The thickness of Au and ITO-PET following irradiation of the pristine and irradiated samples were then investigated using the Rutherford backscattering (RBS) experiment. The film with the highest irradiation demonstrated a maximum decrease in the thickness of Au when compared to the as-prepared Au film. FESEM data suggests an observable change in the morphologies, but interestingly, Au-ITO-PET irradiated at a fluence of 3 × 1016 ions/cm2 showcases an interesting morphology of rod-like structures with globules connected and with nano-holes on the surface. Further, the EDAX analysis confirms the decrease of Au, which is analogous to results obtained from RBS. The pristine and irradiated Au surface roughness on ITO-PET samples increased with irradiation, as analyzed using atomic force microscopy. The transmission spectra for these samples were studied using UV–visible absorption spectroscopy. A minimum was observed at 560 nm for Au-ITO-PET irradiated substrate at a fluence of 3 × 1016 ions/cm2, showcasing the plasmonic properties due to the formation of Au nanostructures. The pristine and the ion-modified substrates were examined as SERS substrates for detecting RhB dye as an analyte at concentrations of micro-M (µM) and nano-M (nM). Interesting results were obtained showing Raman modes for PET and RhB. These experiments lay a new area of research on polymer as a substrate for SERS with the presence of noble metals. Surface roughness and formation of plasmonic metal nanostructures are two critical parameters for SERS. The work here reports and investigates how a polymer as a base substrate affects SERS detection using ion beam modification.

AB - The thermal evaporation technique was utilized to deposit a gold (Au) thin film on commercial Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)–coated Polyethylene Terephthalate (ITO-PET) sheets. These Au-deposited sheets of ITO-PET were subsequently irradiated by 10 keV Ar+ ions at fluences of 1 × 1016 and 3 × 1016 ions/cm2. The thickness of Au and ITO-PET following irradiation of the pristine and irradiated samples were then investigated using the Rutherford backscattering (RBS) experiment. The film with the highest irradiation demonstrated a maximum decrease in the thickness of Au when compared to the as-prepared Au film. FESEM data suggests an observable change in the morphologies, but interestingly, Au-ITO-PET irradiated at a fluence of 3 × 1016 ions/cm2 showcases an interesting morphology of rod-like structures with globules connected and with nano-holes on the surface. Further, the EDAX analysis confirms the decrease of Au, which is analogous to results obtained from RBS. The pristine and irradiated Au surface roughness on ITO-PET samples increased with irradiation, as analyzed using atomic force microscopy. The transmission spectra for these samples were studied using UV–visible absorption spectroscopy. A minimum was observed at 560 nm for Au-ITO-PET irradiated substrate at a fluence of 3 × 1016 ions/cm2, showcasing the plasmonic properties due to the formation of Au nanostructures. The pristine and the ion-modified substrates were examined as SERS substrates for detecting RhB dye as an analyte at concentrations of micro-M (µM) and nano-M (nM). Interesting results were obtained showing Raman modes for PET and RhB. These experiments lay a new area of research on polymer as a substrate for SERS with the presence of noble metals. Surface roughness and formation of plasmonic metal nanostructures are two critical parameters for SERS. The work here reports and investigates how a polymer as a base substrate affects SERS detection using ion beam modification.

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KW - Ion irradiation

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KW - SERS

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Fabrication of Ion Beam–Modified Flexible Plasmonic-Based Au-ITO-PET Substrates for SERS Applications

Abstract

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Keywords

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