Abstract
Repeating sequences of DNA, or repetitive elements (REs), are common features across both prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes. Unlike many of their protein-coding counterparts, the functions of REs in host cells remained largely unknown and have often been overlooked. While there is still more to learn about their functions, REs are now recognized to play significant roles in both beneficial and pathological processes in their hosts at the cellular and organismal levels. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the various types of REs and review what is known about their evolution. In addition, we aim to classify general mechanisms by which REs promote processes that are variously beneficial and harmful to host cells/organisms. Finally, we address the emerging role of REs in cancer, aging, and neurological disorders and provide insights into how RE modulation could provide new therapeutic benefits for these specific conditions.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 1250 |
Journal | Biomolecules |
Volume | 14 |
Issue number | 10 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 2 Oct 2024 |
Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2024 by the authors.
Keywords
- co-option
- epigenetic alteration
- genomic instability
- novel antigens
- repetitive elements
- transposable elements
- viral mimicry