Evaluation of postpartum anaemia screening to improve anaemia diagnosis and patient care: A prospective non-randomized before-and-after anaemia screening protocol implementation study

We assessed the efficacy of a screening protocol for postpartum anaemia diagnosis and treatment in the maternity ward. A prospective non-randomized before-and-after anaemia screening protocol implementation study during two consecutive periods was conducted. Women who were scheduled for vaginal birth were tested for haemoglobin (Hb) before delivery. During the first period (June 29–October 10, 2015; N = 803) Hb was measured postpartum for women with anaemia-related symptoms, postpartum haemorrhage, or pre-delivery severe anaemia (Hb < 8 g/dL; “symptoms” group). During the second period (October 11, 2015–January 27, 2016; N = 755) Hb was also measured in all women with pre-delivery anaemia [i.e., Hb < 10.5 g/dL] (“screening” group). The primary outcomes were the rates of women with (1) postpartum anaemia diagnosis (Hb < 10 g/dL) and (2) administration of parenteral iron sucrose (indicated for postpartum Hb ≤ 9.5 g/dL). The detection rate of postpartum anaemia was higher in the screening group compared with the symptoms group (140 (19%) versus 100 (12%), OR_adjusted 2.2 95%CI [1.6–3.0], respectively). The iron sucrose treatment rate was also higher (110 (15%) versus 88 (11%), OR_adjusted 2.0 95%CI [1.4–2.7], respectively). A total of 122 women were diagnosed with moderate-severe anaemia in the screening group, 27 of whom (22%) were diagnosed solely due to the screening protocol. The results demonstrated that a routine screening of women with predelivery anaemia for postpartum anaemia led to increased anaemia diagnosis and consequently better medical care.