Evaluating a Model of Added Sugar Intake Based on Amino Acid Carbon Isotope Ratios in a Controlled Feeding Study of U.S. Adults

Jessica J. Johnson; Virág Sági-Kiss; Susana A. Palma-Duran; John Commins; Matthew Chaloux; Brian Barrett; Douglas Midthune; Victor Kipnis; Laurence S. Freedman; Natasha Tasevska; Diane M. O’Brien

doi:10.3390/nu14204308

Evaluating a Model of Added Sugar Intake Based on Amino Acid Carbon Isotope Ratios in a Controlled Feeding Study of U.S. Adults

Jessica J. Johnson, Virág Sági-Kiss, Susana A. Palma-Duran, John Commins, Matthew Chaloux, Brian Barrett, Douglas Midthune, Victor Kipnis, Laurence S. Freedman, Natasha Tasevska, Diane M. O’Brien

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2 Scopus citations

Abstract

Previous studies suggest that amino acid carbon stable isotope ratios (CIR_AAs) may serve as biomarkers of added sugar (AS) intake, but this has not been tested in a demographically diverse population. We conducted a 15-day feeding study of U.S. adults, recruited across sex, age, and BMI groups. Participants consumed personalized diets that resembled habitual intake, assessed using two consecutive 7-day food records. We measured serum (n = 99) CIR_AAs collected at the end of the feeding period and determined correlations with diet. We used forward selection to model AS intake using participant characteristics and 15 CIR_AAs. This model was internally validated using bootstrap optimism correction. Median (25th, 75th percentile) AS intake was 65.2 g/day (44.7, 81.4) and 9.5% (7.2%, 12.4%) of energy. The CIR of alanine had the highest, although modest, correlation with AS intake (r = 0.32, p = 0.001). Serum CIR_AAs were more highly correlated with animal food intakes, especially the ratio of animal to total protein. The AS model included sex, body weight and 6 CIR_AAs. This model had modest explanatory power (multiple R² = 0.38), and the optimism-corrected R² was lower (R² = 0.15). Further investigations in populations with wider ranges of AS intake are warranted.

Original language	English
Article number	4308
Journal	Nutrients
Volume	14
Issue number	20
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14204308
State	Published - 14 Oct 2022
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors.

Funding

This study was funded by the National Cancer Institute, grant number U01 CA197902 (to NT). This research was also supported by an Institutional Development Award (IDeA) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the NIH under grant number 2P20GM103395 (to DMO and JJJ) and by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases via grant number 1R01DK109946 (to DMO).The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily reflect the official views of the NIH.

Funders	Funder number
National Institutes of Health	2P20GM103395
National Cancer Institute	U01CA197902
National Institute of General Medical Sciences
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases	1R01DK109946

Keywords

alanine
animal protein ratio
carbon stable isotope ratios
controlled feeding study
dietary biomarkers

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10.3390/nu14204308

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Johnson, J. J., Sági-Kiss, V., Palma-Duran, S. A., Commins, J., Chaloux, M., Barrett, B., Midthune, D., Kipnis, V., Freedman, L. S., Tasevska, N., & O’Brien, D. M. (2022). Evaluating a Model of Added Sugar Intake Based on Amino Acid Carbon Isotope Ratios in a Controlled Feeding Study of U.S. Adults. Nutrients, 14(20), Article 4308. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14204308

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abstract = "Previous studies suggest that amino acid carbon stable isotope ratios (CIRAAs) may serve as biomarkers of added sugar (AS) intake, but this has not been tested in a demographically diverse population. We conducted a 15-day feeding study of U.S. adults, recruited across sex, age, and BMI groups. Participants consumed personalized diets that resembled habitual intake, assessed using two consecutive 7-day food records. We measured serum (n = 99) CIRAAs collected at the end of the feeding period and determined correlations with diet. We used forward selection to model AS intake using participant characteristics and 15 CIRAAs. This model was internally validated using bootstrap optimism correction. Median (25th, 75th percentile) AS intake was 65.2 g/day (44.7, 81.4) and 9.5% (7.2%, 12.4%) of energy. The CIR of alanine had the highest, although modest, correlation with AS intake (r = 0.32, p = 0.001). Serum CIRAAs were more highly correlated with animal food intakes, especially the ratio of animal to total protein. The AS model included sex, body weight and 6 CIRAAs. This model had modest explanatory power (multiple R2 = 0.38), and the optimism-corrected R2 was lower (R2 = 0.15). Further investigations in populations with wider ranges of AS intake are warranted.",

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AU - Chaloux, Matthew

AU - Barrett, Brian

AU - Midthune, Douglas

AU - Kipnis, Victor

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Evaluating a Model of Added Sugar Intake Based on Amino Acid Carbon Isotope Ratios in a Controlled Feeding Study of U.S. Adults

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

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