Eosinophilic Esophagitis—Catching Up with the Hype Train: A Systematic Overview and Review of the Literature of the Emerging Disease

Background: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, immune-mediated esophageal disorder characterized by Th2-driven inflammation. Clinically, it manifests as esophageal dysfunction, including dysphagia and food impaction, and is frequently associated with atopic comorbidities. Methods: Diagnosis is established via histologic confirmation of ≥15 eosinophils per high-power field (hpf) on esophageal biopsy. Clinical presentation varies, ranging from subtle dysphagia to severe complications necessitating urgent endoscopic intervention. Results: Disease progression is characterized by esophageal remodeling, encompassing fibrosis, angiogenesis, and muscular hypertrophy. Management strategies require individualized, long-term approaches aimed at symptom control and prevention of structural complications. Discussion: Advances in the last decade have refined diagnostic criteria, standardized endoscopic scoring systems, and introduced novel therapeutic agents, including biologics. This review synthesizes current evidence regarding epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostics, and therapeutic strategies.