Enhancements of catalyst distribution and functioning upon utilization of conducting polymers as supporting matrices in DMFCs: A review

Fuel cells (FCs) have evolved as a potential alternative energy harnessing device, with direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) as one of the front-runners. Although it has achieved significant progress, and is currently getting available in the commercial market; however, from a broader perspective, DMFCs, like most other devices, suffer from certain critical drawbacks. This, in turn, demands considerable progress to be made in order to realize ultimate commercialization, i.e., cheap, reliable, durable, and portable DMFCs with easily accessible fuel. In this respect, one important area of real concern is the DMFC electrodes, consisting of catalysts and catalyst-supporting matrices. Sluggish reaction rates and use of highly expensive and scarce catalysts are two critical drawbacks. Conducting polymers (CPs) have found extensive use in the fabrication of these matrices and have resulted in better dispersion, distribution and anchoring of catalysts, which is important to enhance their reaction efficiencies. This review attempts to summarize the potential contributions of CPs, their critical roles, and possible future trends toward fabricating catalyst-supporting matrices in DMFCs.