Enhanced Structural Transformation Enabled by Low-Crystalline Vanadium Oxides in Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries

Hyeonjun Lee; Hyungjin Lee; Sangki Lee; Hyojun Lim; Seung Tae Hong; Hyung Do Kim; Munseok S. Chae

doi:10.1002/bte2.20250016

Enhanced Structural Transformation Enabled by Low-Crystalline Vanadium Oxides in Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries

Hyeonjun Lee
, Hyungjin Lee
, Sangki Lee
, Hyojun Lim
, Seung Tae Hong
, Hyung Do Kim
, Munseok S. Chae

Pukyong National University
Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
University of New Mexico
Kyoto University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

7 Scopus citations

Abstract

Aqueous batteries are gaining attention owing to their high safety and cost-effectiveness. Among these, Zn-based aqueous batteries excel because of Zn's low redox potential (−0.76 V vs. SHE), its abundance, and eco-friendliness. However, despite their advantages, challenges, such as low energy density and limited cycle life limit their usage. This study addresses these issues by employing low-crystalline V₂O_4.86 as a cathode material, enhanced with oxygen vacancies created by controlled annealing time. The structure of low-crystalline V₂O_4.86 facilitates rapid structural transformation into the highly active phase Zn_3+x(OH)₂V₂O₇·2(H₂O). Electrochemical tests revealed a 22% capacity improvement for low-crystalline V₂O_4.86 (360 mAh g⁻¹) over high-crystalline V₂O₅ (295 mAh g⁻¹) at 0.8 A g⁻¹, attributed to the presence of active oxygen vacancies. Comprehensive structural analysis, spectroscopy, and diffusion path/barrier studies elucidate the underlying mechanisms for the first time, highlighting the potential of oxygen-engineered V₂O₅. These findings indicate that electrodes engineered with oxygen vacancies offer promising insights in advancing cathode materials for high-performance secondary battery technologies.

Original language	English
Article number	e70040
Journal	Battery Energy
Volume	4
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/bte2.20250016
State	Published - Nov 2025
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 The Author(s). Battery Energy published by Xijing University and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy
SDG 13 Climate Action

Keywords

VO
aqueous electrolytes materials
cathode materials
low crystalline
zinc-ion batteries

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10.1002/bte2.20250016

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title = "Enhanced Structural Transformation Enabled by Low-Crystalline Vanadium Oxides in Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries",

abstract = "Aqueous batteries are gaining attention owing to their high safety and cost-effectiveness. Among these, Zn-based aqueous batteries excel because of Zn's low redox potential (−0.76 V vs. SHE), its abundance, and eco-friendliness. However, despite their advantages, challenges, such as low energy density and limited cycle life limit their usage. This study addresses these issues by employing low-crystalline V2O4.86 as a cathode material, enhanced with oxygen vacancies created by controlled annealing time. The structure of low-crystalline V2O4.86 facilitates rapid structural transformation into the highly active phase Zn3+x(OH)2V2O7·2(H2O). Electrochemical tests revealed a 22\% capacity improvement for low-crystalline V2O4.86 (360 mAh g−1) over high-crystalline V2O5 (295 mAh g−1) at 0.8 A g−1, attributed to the presence of active oxygen vacancies. Comprehensive structural analysis, spectroscopy, and diffusion path/barrier studies elucidate the underlying mechanisms for the first time, highlighting the potential of oxygen-engineered V2O5. These findings indicate that electrodes engineered with oxygen vacancies offer promising insights in advancing cathode materials for high-performance secondary battery technologies.",

keywords = "VO, aqueous electrolytes materials, cathode materials, low crystalline, zinc-ion batteries",

author = "Hyeonjun Lee and Hyungjin Lee and Sangki Lee and Hyojun Lim and Hong, \{Seung Tae\} and \{Do Kim\}, Hyung and Chae, \{Munseok S.\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 The Author(s). Battery Energy published by Xijing University and John Wiley \& Sons Australia, Ltd.",

year = "2025",

month = nov,

doi = "10.1002/bte2.20250016",

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volume = "4",

journal = "Battery Energy",

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T1 - Enhanced Structural Transformation Enabled by Low-Crystalline Vanadium Oxides in Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries

AU - Lee, Hyeonjun

AU - Lee, Hyungjin

AU - Lee, Sangki

AU - Lim, Hyojun

AU - Hong, Seung Tae

AU - Do Kim, Hyung

AU - Chae, Munseok S.

PY - 2025/11

Y1 - 2025/11

N2 - Aqueous batteries are gaining attention owing to their high safety and cost-effectiveness. Among these, Zn-based aqueous batteries excel because of Zn's low redox potential (−0.76 V vs. SHE), its abundance, and eco-friendliness. However, despite their advantages, challenges, such as low energy density and limited cycle life limit their usage. This study addresses these issues by employing low-crystalline V2O4.86 as a cathode material, enhanced with oxygen vacancies created by controlled annealing time. The structure of low-crystalline V2O4.86 facilitates rapid structural transformation into the highly active phase Zn3+x(OH)2V2O7·2(H2O). Electrochemical tests revealed a 22% capacity improvement for low-crystalline V2O4.86 (360 mAh g−1) over high-crystalline V2O5 (295 mAh g−1) at 0.8 A g−1, attributed to the presence of active oxygen vacancies. Comprehensive structural analysis, spectroscopy, and diffusion path/barrier studies elucidate the underlying mechanisms for the first time, highlighting the potential of oxygen-engineered V2O5. These findings indicate that electrodes engineered with oxygen vacancies offer promising insights in advancing cathode materials for high-performance secondary battery technologies.

AB - Aqueous batteries are gaining attention owing to their high safety and cost-effectiveness. Among these, Zn-based aqueous batteries excel because of Zn's low redox potential (−0.76 V vs. SHE), its abundance, and eco-friendliness. However, despite their advantages, challenges, such as low energy density and limited cycle life limit their usage. This study addresses these issues by employing low-crystalline V2O4.86 as a cathode material, enhanced with oxygen vacancies created by controlled annealing time. The structure of low-crystalline V2O4.86 facilitates rapid structural transformation into the highly active phase Zn3+x(OH)2V2O7·2(H2O). Electrochemical tests revealed a 22% capacity improvement for low-crystalline V2O4.86 (360 mAh g−1) over high-crystalline V2O5 (295 mAh g−1) at 0.8 A g−1, attributed to the presence of active oxygen vacancies. Comprehensive structural analysis, spectroscopy, and diffusion path/barrier studies elucidate the underlying mechanisms for the first time, highlighting the potential of oxygen-engineered V2O5. These findings indicate that electrodes engineered with oxygen vacancies offer promising insights in advancing cathode materials for high-performance secondary battery technologies.

KW - VO

KW - aqueous electrolytes materials

KW - cathode materials

KW - low crystalline

KW - zinc-ion batteries

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Enhanced Structural Transformation Enabled by Low-Crystalline Vanadium Oxides in Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Bibliographical note

UN SDGs

Keywords

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