TY - JOUR
T1 - Engineered in vitro disease models
AU - Benam, Kambez H.
AU - Dauth, Stephanie
AU - Hassell, Bryan
AU - Herland, Anna
AU - Jain, Abhishek
AU - Jang, Kyung Jin
AU - Karalis, Katia
AU - Kim, Hyun Jung
AU - MacQueen, Luke
AU - Mahmoodian, Roza
AU - Musah, Samira
AU - Torisawa, Yu Suke
AU - Van Der Meer, Andries D.
AU - Villenave, Remi
AU - Yadid, Moran
AU - Parker, Kevin K.
AU - Ingber, Donald E.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 by Annual Reviews.
PY - 2015/1/1
Y1 - 2015/1/1
N2 - The ultimate goal of most biomedical research is to gain greater insight into mechanisms of human disease or to develop new and improved therapies or diagnostics. Although great advances have been made in terms of developing disease models in animals, such as transgenic mice, many of these models fail to faithfully recapitulate the human condition. In addition, it is difficult to identify critical cellular and molecular contributors to disease or to vary them independently in whole-animal models. This challenge has attracted the interest of engineers, who have begun to collaborate with biologists to leverage recent advances in tissue engineering and microfabrication to develop novel in vitro models of disease. As these models are synthetic systems, specific molecular factors and individual cell types, including parenchymal cells, vascular cells, and immune cells, can be varied independently while simultaneously measuring system-level responses in real time. In this article, we provide some examples of these efforts, including engineered models of diseases of the heart, lung, intestine, liver, kidney, cartilage, skin and vascular, endocrine, musculoskeletal, and nervous systems, as well as models of infectious diseases and cancer. We also describe how engineered in vitro models can be combined with human inducible pluripotent stem cells to enable new insights into a broad variety of disease mechanisms, as well as provide a test bed for screening new therapies.
AB - The ultimate goal of most biomedical research is to gain greater insight into mechanisms of human disease or to develop new and improved therapies or diagnostics. Although great advances have been made in terms of developing disease models in animals, such as transgenic mice, many of these models fail to faithfully recapitulate the human condition. In addition, it is difficult to identify critical cellular and molecular contributors to disease or to vary them independently in whole-animal models. This challenge has attracted the interest of engineers, who have begun to collaborate with biologists to leverage recent advances in tissue engineering and microfabrication to develop novel in vitro models of disease. As these models are synthetic systems, specific molecular factors and individual cell types, including parenchymal cells, vascular cells, and immune cells, can be varied independently while simultaneously measuring system-level responses in real time. In this article, we provide some examples of these efforts, including engineered models of diseases of the heart, lung, intestine, liver, kidney, cartilage, skin and vascular, endocrine, musculoskeletal, and nervous systems, as well as models of infectious diseases and cancer. We also describe how engineered in vitro models can be combined with human inducible pluripotent stem cells to enable new insights into a broad variety of disease mechanisms, as well as provide a test bed for screening new therapies.
KW - 3D culture
KW - disease model
KW - in vitro tool
KW - microfluidic
KW - organ-on-a-chip
KW - tissue engineering
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84921913471&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012414-040418
DO - 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012414-040418
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C2 - 25621660
AN - SCOPUS:84921913471
SN - 1553-4006
VL - 10
SP - 195
EP - 262
JO - Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease
JF - Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease
ER -