Energy level alignment at the porphyrin/cobaltocene interface: From transfer doping to cobalt intercalation

Yaou Smets; Kevin J. Rietwyk; Mathias Fingerle; Felix Schmitt; Stefan Lach; Lothar Ley; Christiane Ziegler; Christopher I. Pakes

doi:10.1016/j.orgel.2013.12.014

Energy level alignment at the porphyrin/cobaltocene interface: From transfer doping to cobalt intercalation

Yaou Smets, Kevin J. Rietwyk, Mathias Fingerle, Felix Schmitt, Stefan Lach, Lothar Ley, Christiane Ziegler, Christopher I. Pakes

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

3 Scopus citations

Abstract

N-type doping of the organic semiconductor zinc tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) by overlayers of the reducing molecule decamethylcobaltocene (CoCp ₂*) is demonstrated using photoelectron spectroscopy. A transfer doping model involving integer charge transfer between molecules reproduces quantitatively all measured level shifts as a function of CoCp ₂* coverage using the ionisation potential of CoCp ₂* and the electron affinity of ZnTPP as sole input parameters. The model yields the experimentally observed limitation of doping to the first monolayer of cobaltocene while further layers remain neutral without the need to resort to special bonding arrangements for the first monolayer. Temperature-dependent studies reveal that doping is still present at room temperature, despite the high vapour pressure of CoCp₂*. Higher annealing temperatures initiate CoCp₂* molecular dissociation and diffusion of Co atoms into the ZnTPP film. Hence, the nature of doping changes from surface molecular transfer doping to bulk metallic doping as a function of temperature.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	531-536
Number of pages	6
Journal	Organic Electronics
Volume	15
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2013.12.014
State	Published - Feb 2014
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We acknowledge financial support of the Australian Research Council under DP0879827. Y.S. would like to thank the University of Kaiserslautern for their generous hospitality. We thank M.T. Edmonds for useful discussion of the data.

Funding

We acknowledge financial support of the Australian Research Council under DP0879827. Y.S. would like to thank the University of Kaiserslautern for their generous hospitality. We thank M.T. Edmonds for useful discussion of the data.

Funders	Funder number
Australian Research Council	DP0879827

Keywords

Doping efficiency
Energy level alignment
Surface transfer doping

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10.1016/j.orgel.2013.12.014

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title = "Energy level alignment at the porphyrin/cobaltocene interface: From transfer doping to cobalt intercalation",

abstract = "N-type doping of the organic semiconductor zinc tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) by overlayers of the reducing molecule decamethylcobaltocene (CoCp 2*) is demonstrated using photoelectron spectroscopy. A transfer doping model involving integer charge transfer between molecules reproduces quantitatively all measured level shifts as a function of CoCp 2* coverage using the ionisation potential of CoCp 2* and the electron affinity of ZnTPP as sole input parameters. The model yields the experimentally observed limitation of doping to the first monolayer of cobaltocene while further layers remain neutral without the need to resort to special bonding arrangements for the first monolayer. Temperature-dependent studies reveal that doping is still present at room temperature, despite the high vapour pressure of CoCp2*. Higher annealing temperatures initiate CoCp2* molecular dissociation and diffusion of Co atoms into the ZnTPP film. Hence, the nature of doping changes from surface molecular transfer doping to bulk metallic doping as a function of temperature.",

keywords = "Doping efficiency, Energy level alignment, Surface transfer doping",

author = "Yaou Smets and Rietwyk, {Kevin J.} and Mathias Fingerle and Felix Schmitt and Stefan Lach and Lothar Ley and Christiane Ziegler and Pakes, {Christopher I.}",

note = "Funding Information: We acknowledge financial support of the Australian Research Council under DP0879827. Y.S. would like to thank the University of Kaiserslautern for their generous hospitality. We thank M.T. Edmonds for useful discussion of the data.",

year = "2014",

month = feb,

doi = "10.1016/j.orgel.2013.12.014",

language = "אנגלית",

volume = "15",

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journal = "Organic Electronics",

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T1 - Energy level alignment at the porphyrin/cobaltocene interface

T2 - From transfer doping to cobalt intercalation

AU - Smets, Yaou

AU - Rietwyk, Kevin J.

AU - Fingerle, Mathias

AU - Schmitt, Felix

AU - Lach, Stefan

AU - Ley, Lothar

AU - Ziegler, Christiane

AU - Pakes, Christopher I.

N1 - Funding Information: We acknowledge financial support of the Australian Research Council under DP0879827. Y.S. would like to thank the University of Kaiserslautern for their generous hospitality. We thank M.T. Edmonds for useful discussion of the data.

PY - 2014/2

Y1 - 2014/2

N2 - N-type doping of the organic semiconductor zinc tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) by overlayers of the reducing molecule decamethylcobaltocene (CoCp 2*) is demonstrated using photoelectron spectroscopy. A transfer doping model involving integer charge transfer between molecules reproduces quantitatively all measured level shifts as a function of CoCp 2* coverage using the ionisation potential of CoCp 2* and the electron affinity of ZnTPP as sole input parameters. The model yields the experimentally observed limitation of doping to the first monolayer of cobaltocene while further layers remain neutral without the need to resort to special bonding arrangements for the first monolayer. Temperature-dependent studies reveal that doping is still present at room temperature, despite the high vapour pressure of CoCp2*. Higher annealing temperatures initiate CoCp2* molecular dissociation and diffusion of Co atoms into the ZnTPP film. Hence, the nature of doping changes from surface molecular transfer doping to bulk metallic doping as a function of temperature.

AB - N-type doping of the organic semiconductor zinc tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) by overlayers of the reducing molecule decamethylcobaltocene (CoCp 2*) is demonstrated using photoelectron spectroscopy. A transfer doping model involving integer charge transfer between molecules reproduces quantitatively all measured level shifts as a function of CoCp 2* coverage using the ionisation potential of CoCp 2* and the electron affinity of ZnTPP as sole input parameters. The model yields the experimentally observed limitation of doping to the first monolayer of cobaltocene while further layers remain neutral without the need to resort to special bonding arrangements for the first monolayer. Temperature-dependent studies reveal that doping is still present at room temperature, despite the high vapour pressure of CoCp2*. Higher annealing temperatures initiate CoCp2* molecular dissociation and diffusion of Co atoms into the ZnTPP film. Hence, the nature of doping changes from surface molecular transfer doping to bulk metallic doping as a function of temperature.

KW - Doping efficiency

KW - Energy level alignment

KW - Surface transfer doping

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Energy level alignment at the porphyrin/cobaltocene interface: From transfer doping to cobalt intercalation

Abstract

Bibliographical note

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Keywords

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