Effect of gender and social environment on gender role perceptions and identity: Comparative study of kibbutz and urban adolescents in Israel

The study examined perceptions of gender roles in the family and society, occupational sex-typing, and gender identity among 100 kibbutz and 66 urban adolescents in Israel. Overall, the kibbutz adolescents expressed more liberal attitudes toward gender roles in the family and society than did their urban counterparts. Likewise, they expressed less stereotyped perceptions of occupations than did the urban adolescents. Regarding gender identity, no differences were found between the two groups. Finally, the girls were more liberal than the boys in their gender role perceptions, regardless of social environment.