Effect of bubble nucleating agents derived from biochar on the foaming mechanism of poly lactic acid foams

Hai Haham; Andrew Riscoe; Curtis W. Frank; Sarah L. Billington

doi:10.1016/j.apsadv.2021.100059

Effect of bubble nucleating agents derived from biochar on the foaming mechanism of poly lactic acid foams

Hai Haham, Andrew Riscoe, Curtis W. Frank, Sarah L. Billington

Stanford University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

7 Scopus citations

Abstract

Improvement and new technologies for effective poly (lactic acid) (PLA) foaming are still in developing. This study examines the ability of biochar (BC) to assist in PLA foaming through a supercritical CO₂ batch process. To determine suitable foaming parameters, process optimization was conducted on neat PLA films. BC particles derived from three different sources – sludge (SLG), pistachio shells (PST) and green waste (GW) were ground, and ball milled to a microscale and then blended with PLA. The PLA/BC blends were extruded into films and then batch foamed. The effect of BC was found to be concentration and source dependent. At 0.25 wt%, BC particles were found to be effective nucleating agents showing an increase up to four orders of magnitude in cell density and 10-fold reduction in the mean pore size compared to the neat PLA foams. An increase in BC content to 0.5 and 1 wt% induced particle aggregation, which resulted in non-homogenous foam densities. BC particles derived from SLG were the most effective nucleating agents due to their narrow size distribution, improved dispersibility and mesoporous surface. This work shows that BC can act as an effective bio-derived nucleating agent for PLA.

Original language	English
Article number	100059
Journal	Applied Surface Science Advances
Volume	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsadv.2021.100059
State	Published - 1 Mar 2021
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021

Funding

This work is supported by the National Science Foundation , Grant CMMI-1727836 . Any opinion, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation . Part of this work was performed at the Stanford Nano Shared Facilities (SNSF), supported by the National Science Foundation under award ECCS-1542152 . The authors would also like to thank Dario Presezzi and Bioforcetech. This work is supported by the National Science Foundation, Grant CMMI-1727836. Any opinion, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Part of this work was performed at the Stanford Nano Shared Facilities (SNSF), supported by the National Science Foundation under award ECCS-1542152. The authors would also like to thank Dario Presezzi and Bioforcetech.

Funders	Funder number
Dario Presezzi and Bioforcetech
National Science Foundation	CMMI-1727836, ECCS-1542152

Keywords

Biochar
Biodegradable polymers
PLA
Porous materials
Surface chemistry

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title = "Effect of bubble nucleating agents derived from biochar on the foaming mechanism of poly lactic acid foams",

abstract = "Improvement and new technologies for effective poly (lactic acid) (PLA) foaming are still in developing. This study examines the ability of biochar (BC) to assist in PLA foaming through a supercritical CO2 batch process. To determine suitable foaming parameters, process optimization was conducted on neat PLA films. BC particles derived from three different sources – sludge (SLG), pistachio shells (PST) and green waste (GW) were ground, and ball milled to a microscale and then blended with PLA. The PLA/BC blends were extruded into films and then batch foamed. The effect of BC was found to be concentration and source dependent. At 0.25 wt%, BC particles were found to be effective nucleating agents showing an increase up to four orders of magnitude in cell density and 10-fold reduction in the mean pore size compared to the neat PLA foams. An increase in BC content to 0.5 and 1 wt% induced particle aggregation, which resulted in non-homogenous foam densities. BC particles derived from SLG were the most effective nucleating agents due to their narrow size distribution, improved dispersibility and mesoporous surface. This work shows that BC can act as an effective bio-derived nucleating agent for PLA.",

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Effect of bubble nucleating agents derived from biochar on the foaming mechanism of poly lactic acid foams

Abstract

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