Abstract
Melanoma brain metastasis (MBM) frequently occurs in patients with advanced melanoma; yet, our understanding of the underlying salient biology is rudimentary. Here, we performed single-cell/nucleus RNA-seq in 22 treatment-naive MBMs and 10 extracranial melanoma metastases (ECMs) and matched spatial single-cell transcriptomics and T cell receptor (TCR)-seq. Cancer cells from MBM were more chromosomally unstable, adopted a neuronal-like cell state, and enriched for spatially variably expressed metabolic pathways. Key observations were validated in independent patient cohorts, patient-derived MBM/ECM xenograft models, RNA/ATAC-seq, proteomics, and multiplexed imaging. Integrated spatial analyses revealed distinct geography of putative cancer immune evasion and evidence for more abundant intra-tumoral B to plasma cell differentiation in lymphoid aggregates in MBM. MBM harbored larger fractions of monocyte-derived macrophages and dysfunctional TOX+CD8+ T cells with distinct expression of immune checkpoints. This work provides comprehensive insights into MBM biology and serves as a foundational resource for further discovery and therapeutic exploration.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 2591-2608.e30 |
Journal | Cell |
Volume | 185 |
Issue number | 14 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 7 Jul 2022 |
Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2022 Elsevier Inc.
Funding
We thank Robert Schwabe (Columbia University) for fruitful discussions, Iman Osman (Melanoma Program, NYU Langone Health) for providing the 12-273BM and 12-273LN melanoma short-term cultures, and Robert S. Kerbel (University of Toronto) for providing the 4L and 5B1 melanoma cell lines. B.I. is supported by National Institute of Health (NIH) National Cancer Institute (NCI) grants K08CA222663 , R37CA258829 , U54CA225088 , and R21CA263381 (with E.A. and R.C.); an American Cancer Society Research Scholar Grant; a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Award for Medical Scientists; a Velocity Fellows Award; the Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Scholars Program; a V Foundation Scholar Award; a Columbia University RISE award (with E.A. and R.C.); and the Tara Miller Young Investigator Award by the Melanoma Research Alliance . L.A.C., P.H., Z.H.W., and M.M. are supported by a NIH grant T32GM007367 . M.A.D. is supported by the Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Medical Research Foundation , the AIM at Melanoma Foundation , the NIH/NCI ( P50CA221703 ), the American Cancer Society and the Melanoma Research Alliance , Cancer Fighters of Houston, the Anne and John Mendelsohn Chair for Cancer Research, and philanthropic contributions to the Melanoma Moon Shots Program of MD Anderson. A.A. is supported by a PhRMA Foundation Predoctoral Fellowship. M. Röcken and T.E. are supported by Wilhelm Sander-Stiftung ( 2020.100.1 ), DFG RO 764/15-2, Cluster of Excellence iFIT ( EXC 2180 ) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies,” University of Tübingen, Germany, funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germanyʼs Excellence Strategy ( EXC 2180 – 390900677 ) and acknowledge project support from S. Forchhammer and F. Fend. M.B.A. is supported by the NIH/NCI ( P30CA051008 ), a Melanoma Research Alliance Senior Scientist Award, and the William M. Scholl Chair for Cancer Research. D.S. is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research ( BMBF 01ZZ2004 ). E.H. contributions were supported by a Melanoma Research Alliance (MRA)/ American Cancer Society (ACS) Team award and the NYU Melanoma SPORE P50 CA225450 . A.K. is supported by the NYU Medical Scientist Training program (MSTP; 5T32GM136573 ). We thank the NYULH Genomics Technology Center, Preclinical Imaging and Experimental Pathology Cores, which are partially supported by the Cancer Center Support Grant NIH/NCI P30 CA016087 to the Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYULH. Illustrations were created with BioRender.com. This work was supported by NIH/NCI Cancer Center Support grant P30CA013696 , including the Oncology Precision Therapeutics and Imaging Core and the Molecular Pathology Shared Resource, and its Tissue Bank at Columbia University. We thank Robert Schwabe (Columbia University) for fruitful discussions, Iman Osman (Melanoma Program, NYU Langone Health) for providing the 12-273BM and 12-273LN melanoma short-term cultures, and Robert S. Kerbel (University of Toronto) for providing the 4L and 5B1 melanoma cell lines. B.I. is supported by National Institute of Health (NIH) National Cancer Institute (NCI) grants K08CA222663, R37CA258829, U54CA225088, and R21CA263381 (with E.A. and R.C.); an American Cancer Society Research Scholar Grant; a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Award for Medical Scientists; a Velocity Fellows Award; the Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Scholars Program; a V Foundation Scholar Award; a Columbia University RISE award (with E.A. and R.C.); and the Tara Miller Young Investigator Award by the Melanoma Research Alliance. L.A.C. P.H. Z.H.W. and M.M. are supported by a NIH grant T32GM007367. M.A.D. is supported by the Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Medical Research Foundation, the AIM at Melanoma Foundation, the NIH/NCI (P50CA221703), the American Cancer Society and the Melanoma Research Alliance, Cancer Fighters of Houston, the Anne and John Mendelsohn Chair for Cancer Research, and philanthropic contributions to the Melanoma Moon Shots Program of MD Anderson. A.A. is supported by a PhRMA Foundation Predoctoral Fellowship. M. Röcken and T.E. are supported by Wilhelm Sander-Stiftung (2020.100.1), DFG RO 764/15-2, Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies,” University of Tübingen, Germany, funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germanyʼs Excellence Strategy (EXC 2180 – 390900677) and acknowledge project support from S. Forchhammer and F. Fend. M.B.A. is supported by the NIH/NCI (P30CA051008), a Melanoma Research Alliance Senior Scientist Award, and the William M. Scholl Chair for Cancer Research. D.S. is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF 01ZZ2004). E.H. contributions were supported by a Melanoma Research Alliance (MRA)/American Cancer Society (ACS) Team award and the NYU Melanoma SPORE P50 CA225450. A.K. is supported by the NYU Medical Scientist Training program (MSTP; 5T32GM136573). We thank the NYULH Genomics Technology Center, Preclinical Imaging and Experimental Pathology Cores, which are partially supported by the Cancer Center Support Grant NIH/NCI P30 CA016087 to the Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYULH. Illustrations were created with BioRender.com. This work was supported by NIH/NCI Cancer Center Support grant P30CA013696, including the Oncology Precision Therapeutics and Imaging Core and the Molecular Pathology Shared Resource, and its Tissue Bank at Columbia University. B.I. provided overall supervision of the study. J.C.M. W.L.B. and B.I. conceptualized the study. J.C.M. A.D.A. L.A.C. A.K. I.B. B.T.F. T.T.T.N. M. Rogava, P.H. M.B. N.H. A.M. Z.H.W. S.B.S. D.H.V. M.M. S.B. A.M.L. A.A. and P.A. performed experiments. M.I. S.A.K. J.D. C.L.S. T.E. M. Röcken, R.C. M.B.A. M.A.D. W.L.B. A.R. P.C. J.N.B. G.K.S. and B.I. took care of patients and provided critical tissue resources. J.B. J.C.M. A.D.A. Y.W. A.K. S.T. M.A.I.-A. M.A. K.H.G. V.S.M. V.S. A.N. P.D.K. F.W. M.C. B.C. E.A. S.J.C. and B.I. performed analyses. S.F.B. M.S. C.L. S.J.C. P.C. J.N.B. W.L.B. D.S. E.H. E.Z.M. and F.C. provided additional supervision. H.H. and P.C. performed pathological review of tissue specimens. J.C.M. J.B. A.D.A. Y.W. S.T. and B.I. wrote the manuscript. B.I. has received honoraria from consulting with Merck, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Astra Zeneca, and Volastra Therapeutics. M.A.D. has been a consultant to Roche/Genentech, Array, Pfizer (New York, NY, United States of America), Novartis, BMS, GSK, Sanofi-Aventis (Bridgewater, NJ, United States of America), Vaccinex, Apexigen, EISAI, and ABM Therapeutics and he has been the PI of research grants to MD Anderson by Roche/Genentech (South San Francisco, CA, United States of America), GSK, Sanofi-Aventis, Merck, Myriad, and Oncothyreon. A.R. has received honoraria from consulting with CStone, Merck, and Vedanta, is or has been a member of the scientific advisory board and holds stock in Advaxis, Appia, Apricity, Arcus, Compugen, CytomX, Highlight, ImaginAb, ImmPact, ImmuneSensor, Inspirna, Isoplexis, Kite-Gilead, Lutris, MapKure, Merus, PACT, Pluto, RAPT, Synthekine, and Tango, has received research funding from Agilent (Santa Clara, CA, United States of America) and from Bristol-Myers Squibb through Stand Up to Cancer (SU2C), and patent royalties from Arsenal Bio. T.E. has acted as a consultant for Almiral Hermal, Bristol-Myers Squibb, MSD, Novartis, Pierre Fabre, and Sanofi. E.Z.M. is a consultant for Curio Bioscience. The other authors do not declare competing interests.
Funders | Funder number |
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Curio Bioscience | |
CytomX | |
ImaginAb | |
MSTP | P30 CA016087, 5T32GM136573 |
NYU Medical Scientist Training program | |
Volastra Therapeutics | |
National Institutes of Health | |
American Cancer Society | |
National Cancer Institute | U54CA225088, R21CA263381, P30CA013696, P30CA051008, P50CA221703, K08CA222663, R37CA258829 |
National Institute of General Medical Sciences | T32GM136573 |
Burroughs Wellcome Fund | |
V Foundation for Cancer Research | |
Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America Foundation | |
Melanoma Research Foundation | |
Bristol-Myers Squibb | |
AstraZeneca | |
GlaxoSmithKline | |
Merck | |
Novartis | |
Sanofi | |
Melanoma Research Alliance | T32GM007367 |
Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Medical Research Foundation | |
Columbia University | |
Wilhelm Sander-Stiftung | EXC 2180, RO 764/15-2, 2020.100.1 |
Janssen Pharmaceuticals | |
Stand Up To Cancer | |
Myriad Genetics | |
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft | EXC 2180 – 390900677 |
Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen | |
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung | P50 CA225450, 01ZZ2004 |
Keywords
- brain metastasis
- chromosomal instability
- melanoma
- neuronal-like cell state
- single-cell genomics
- spatial transcriptomics
- tumor-microenvironment