Diet-induced modifications to human microbiome reshape colonic homeostasis in irritable bowel syndrome

Hadar Bootz-Maoz, Ayelet Pearl, Ehud Melzer, Stephen Malnick, Efrat Sharon, Yifat Bennet, Rotem Tsentsarevsky, Shlomi Abuchatzera, Sivan Amidror, Elana Aretz, Shalhevet Azriel, Chen Gam Ze Letova, Maria Naama, Irit Shoval, Orly Yaron, Sarit Karako-Lampert, Shai Bel, Nissan Yissachar

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

5 Scopus citations

Abstract

Changes in microbiome composition are associated with a wide array of human diseases, turning the human microbiota into an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. Yet, clinical translation of these findings requires the establishment of causative connections between specific microbial taxa and their functional impact on host tissues. Here, we infuse gut organ cultures with longitudinal microbiota samples collected from therapy-naive patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) under a low-fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet. We show that post-diet microbiota regulates intestinal expression of inflammatory and neuro-muscular gene sets. Specifically, we identify Bifidobacterium adolescentis as a diet-sensitive pathobiont that alters tight junction integrity and disrupts gut barrier functions. Collectively, we present a pathway discovery platform for mechanistic dissection and identification of functional diet-host-microbiota modules. Our data support the hypothesis that the gut microbiota mediates the beneficial effects of a low-FODMAP diet and reinforce the potential feasibility of microbiome-based therapies in IBS.

Original languageEnglish
Article number111657
JournalCell Reports
Volume41
Issue number7
DOIs
StatePublished - 15 Nov 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We thank Ron Unger for helpful advice, Sara Gerstein for assistance with organ cultures, the Mathis/Benoist lab for microbial strains, Shani Brown and Sondra Turjeman for critical editing of the manuscript, and members of the Yissachar lab for insightful discussions. This work was supported by the Israel Science Foundation (grant no. 1384/18 ), the Israel Science Foundation —Broad Institute Joint Program (grant no. 2615/18 ), and the Gassner Fund for Medical Research, Israel.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Author(s)

Keywords

  • CP: Microbiology
  • gut microbiota
  • intestinal epithelial barrier
  • irritable bowel syndrome
  • low-FODMAP diet

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