Development of Carbon Dots and Nanohybrids for Biosensing and Bioimaging Relevance

In the last few decades, fluorescent studies have become one of the most effective methods for biosensing and bioimaging. Novel fluorescent nanomaterials with tunable properties are currently in great demand for the rapid and practical analysis of biological samples. Until now, the impact of the chemical modification of the passivating molecule on the fabrication of a carbon dots (CDs) nanomaterial-based sensing probe has not been fully explored. Therefore, this book chapter examined several different precursors (such as protein, polyethylene glycol, urea, thiourea, cysteine, and glycine) to develop eco-friendly CD and doped CD formulations by bottom-up chemical synthesis approach for smart biosensors. CDs and doped CDs have received special attention in terms of low toxicity, high solubility in many solvents, chemical modification, and mechanical properties, large active surface area, abundant functional groups, and edge sites for many different organic molecules/drugs. In addition, we have investigated the properties of CDs in medicine with regards to bioimaging, switchable luminescence, and biosensors.