Design of Water-Soluble Rotaxane-Capped Superparamagnetic, Ultrasmall Fe3O4 Nanoparticles for Targeted NIR Fluorescence Imaging in Combination with Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Rabi Sankar Das; Debabrata Maiti; Samiran Kar; Tapas Bera; Ayan Mukherjee; Pranab Chandra Saha; Aniruddha Mondal; Samit Guha

doi:10.1021/jacs.3c06232

Design of Water-Soluble Rotaxane-Capped Superparamagnetic, Ultrasmall Fe₃O₄ Nanoparticles for Targeted NIR Fluorescence Imaging in Combination with Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Rabi Sankar Das, Debabrata Maiti, Samiran Kar, Tapas Bera, Ayan Mukherjee, Pranab Chandra Saha, Aniruddha Mondal, Samit Guha

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

18 Scopus citations

Abstract

Integrating an NIR fluorescent probe with a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agent to harvest complementary imaging information is challenging. Here, we have designed water-soluble, biocompatible, noncytotoxic, bright-NIR-emitting, sugar-functionalized, mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs)-capped superparamagnetic ultrasmall Fe₃O₄ NPs for targeted multimodal imaging. Dual-functional stoppers containing an unsymmetrical NIR squaraine dye interlocked within a macrocycle to construct multifunctional MIMs are developed with enhanced NIR fluorescence efficiency and durability. One of the stoppers of the axle is composed of a lipophilic cationic TPP⁺ functionality to target mitochondria, and the other stopper comprises a dopamine-containing catechol group to anchor at the surface of the synthesized Fe₃O₄ NPs. Fe₃O₄ NPs surface-coated with targeted NIR rotaxanes help to deliver ultrasmall magnetic NPs specifically inside the mitochondria. Two carbohydrate moieties are conjugated with the macrocycle of the rotaxane via click chemistry to improve the water solubility of MitoSQRot-(Carb-OH)₂-DOPA-Fe₃O₄ NPs. Water-soluble, rotaxane-capped Fe₃O₄ NPs are used for live-cell mitochondria-targeted NIR fluorescence confocal imaging, 3D and multicolor imaging in combination with T₂-weighted MRI on a 9.4 T MR scanner with a high relaxation rate (r₂) of 180.7 mM^-1 s^-1. Biocompatible, noncytotoxic, ultrabright NIR rotaxane-capped superparamagnetic ultrasmall monodisperse Fe₃O₄ NPs could be a promising agent for targeted multimodal imaging applications.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	20451-20461
Number of pages	11
Journal	Journal of the American Chemical Society
Volume	145
Issue number	37
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.3c06232
State	Published - 20 Sep 2023
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 American Chemical Society.

Funding

This research was funded by the DST-SERB, Govt. of India (file no. ECR/2017/001405).

Funders	Funder number
Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India	ECR/2017/001405

Access to Document

10.1021/jacs.3c06232

Cite this

Das, R. S., Maiti, D., Kar, S., Bera, T., Mukherjee, A., Saha, P. C., Mondal, A., & Guha, S. (2023). Design of Water-Soluble Rotaxane-Capped Superparamagnetic, Ultrasmall Fe₃O₄ Nanoparticles for Targeted NIR Fluorescence Imaging in Combination with Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 145(37), 20451-20461. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.3c06232

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abstract = "Integrating an NIR fluorescent probe with a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agent to harvest complementary imaging information is challenging. Here, we have designed water-soluble, biocompatible, noncytotoxic, bright-NIR-emitting, sugar-functionalized, mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs)-capped superparamagnetic ultrasmall Fe3O4 NPs for targeted multimodal imaging. Dual-functional stoppers containing an unsymmetrical NIR squaraine dye interlocked within a macrocycle to construct multifunctional MIMs are developed with enhanced NIR fluorescence efficiency and durability. One of the stoppers of the axle is composed of a lipophilic cationic TPP+ functionality to target mitochondria, and the other stopper comprises a dopamine-containing catechol group to anchor at the surface of the synthesized Fe3O4 NPs. Fe3O4 NPs surface-coated with targeted NIR rotaxanes help to deliver ultrasmall magnetic NPs specifically inside the mitochondria. Two carbohydrate moieties are conjugated with the macrocycle of the rotaxane via click chemistry to improve the water solubility of MitoSQRot-(Carb-OH)2-DOPA-Fe3O4 NPs. Water-soluble, rotaxane-capped Fe3O4 NPs are used for live-cell mitochondria-targeted NIR fluorescence confocal imaging, 3D and multicolor imaging in combination with T2-weighted MRI on a 9.4 T MR scanner with a high relaxation rate (r2) of 180.7 mM-1 s-1. Biocompatible, noncytotoxic, ultrabright NIR rotaxane-capped superparamagnetic ultrasmall monodisperse Fe3O4 NPs could be a promising agent for targeted multimodal imaging applications.",

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Das, RS, Maiti, D, Kar, S, Bera, T, Mukherjee, A, Saha, PC, Mondal, A & Guha, S 2023, 'Design of Water-Soluble Rotaxane-Capped Superparamagnetic, Ultrasmall Fe₃O₄ Nanoparticles for Targeted NIR Fluorescence Imaging in Combination with Magnetic Resonance Imaging', Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 145, no. 37, pp. 20451-20461. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.3c06232

Design of Water-Soluble Rotaxane-Capped Superparamagnetic, Ultrasmall Fe₃O₄ Nanoparticles for Targeted NIR Fluorescence Imaging in Combination with Magnetic Resonance Imaging. / Das, Rabi Sankar; Maiti, Debabrata; Kar, Samiran et al.
In: Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 145, No. 37, 20.09.2023, p. 20451-20461.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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