Cutting balloons versus conventional long balloons for PCI of long coronary lesions

BACKGROUND: PCI for long coronary lesions remains a challenge because of high incidence of early complications and late restenosis. Cutting balloon angioplasty may result in reduced procedural complications and late restenosis than angioplasty with conventional long balloons (LBA) due to minimized injury to the culprit arteries. OBJECTIVE: To compare the immediate and one-year outcomes of CBA and LBA for long coronary lesions. METHODS: 169 consecutive patients were retrospectively identified who underwent CBA or LBA for de nova lesions≥20 mm in length and ≥2.5 mm in diameter. The primary endpoint was immediate procedural outcomes and angiographic restenosis at one year. RESULTS: CBA was performed in 54 patients (56 lesions) and LBA in 115 patients (151 lesions). Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups with a mean lesion length of 34.89 ± 11.19 mm, and vessel diameter of 3.03 ± 0.54 mm. CBA resulted in reduced incidence of side branch loss (23.2% versus 41.7%, P=0.022) which was associated with less peri-procedural infarction (OR: 11.39 (95% CI: 1.34-96.53), P=0.026). It also caused less dissection (23.2% versus 38.4%, P=0.048) leading to a trend of less provisional focal stenting (32.1% versus 41.1%, P=0.264). The rate of angiographic restenosis and clinically driven target lesion revascularization at one year (follow-up 91.1%) was similar (25% versus 21.2%, and 20.4% versus 20%, for CBA versus LBA, both P=NS). The mean event-free survival was also similar (10.15±0.45 months for CBA versus 9.50 ± 0.39 months for LBA, P=NS). CONCLUSION: CBA demonstrated better immediate results and equivalent late results than LBA, and therefore, it may be considered a reasonable firstline approach for PCI of long coronary lesions.