Cultivation of Aromatic Rice: A Review

India is the leading country in production and export of aromatic rice (Basmati and non-Basmati) at global level. Evidences suggest that most of the aromatic rice genotypes are native of the Indian subcontinent. Cultivation of Basmati is traditionally practiced in Himalayan foothill region and confined in specific regions of the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP). The wide range of genetic diversity is found in aromatic landraces and genotypes. Grain quality (pre- and post cooking), fragrance, and flavor are important considerations for consumer’s preference. In-season factors like temperature and agronomic measures that followed mainly govern the yield and quality of aromatic rice. Introduction of improved varieties has opened new avenues for area expansion of Basmati rice in nontraditional areas without compromising the quality. Replacement of traditional genotypes with the improved ones, optimal planting time, population density, integrated nutrient management (INM), and integrated pest management (IPM) are prime considerations suggested for improvement in productivity, quality, and profitability of Basmati rice. Timely harvest, less exposure of harvested produce to sun, and early threshing improve produce quality. The information regarding quality standards and optimum management practices for higher productivity and quality is meager. Yield and quality characteristics of aromatic rice vary with management practices. Genetic diversity and environmental variability call for adoption of location-specific best management practices to harness optimum yield and quality of aromatic rice. Several short grain aromatic rice genotypes are cultivated in various regions of India. Thirteen such genotypes have been provided geographical indication (GI) tag because of their distinct quality characteristics attributable to their native places. The issue of GI for Basmati is complex because of transborder reality between India and Pakistan. Quality considerations and consumer preference are key factors for a wider acceptance of a genotype by practicing farmers. Bridging production constraints and technological gaps will largely depend on successful extension of technology and input availability to the farmers. This chapter includes detail status and effect of agronomic management on yield and quality of aromatic rice in India.