Abstract
The rapid generation of material libraries with multidimensional gradients is important for the discovery of new functional materials. Here we report an integrated fabrication scheme, based on glancing angle physical vapor deposition, to form a thin-film materials library with controlled variations in nanoshape, multinary composition, and oxidation state on a single large area substrate. We demonstrate the versatility of the method by growing an octonary materials system, which we characterize with high-throughput methods, and reveal variations in several physico-chemical properties. Among others, we examine the materials library in the frame of the oxygen evolution reaction and show that nanostructuring leads to NiO clusters that are active towards such a reaction. Our scheme can be readily extended to include more starting elements, and can be transferred to other deposition methods, making this an adaptable and versatile platform for combinatorial materials science.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 89-99 |
| Number of pages | 11 |
| Journal | Materials Today |
| Volume | 50 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Nov 2021 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2021 The Author(s)
Funding
H.N.B. would like to acknowledge the Minerva Stiftung Fellowship for funding this research. M.A.C would like to acknowledge the Vector Stiftung for their financial support. The authors thank C. Miksch for assistance with BCML. The authors would like to thank A. Itzhak and A. Kama for their support with EDS and optical measurements, as well as P. Schuetzenduebe for conducting the XPS measurements, G. Maier for the XRD measurements, and M. Alomari for performing the RTA. The authors would like to express their gratitude to P. van Aken for access to the Stuttgart Center for Electron Microscopy (StEM) and K. Hahn for the STEM measurements. The authors also thank A. Posada Boada for composing the 3D rendering of the nanostructures and V.M. Kadiri for optical images. The authors appreciate the scientific discussions with A.G. Athanassiadis, H. Kwon, and Z. Ma. The authors also acknowledge partial funding by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no 741251, ERC Advanced grant ELECTRA). H.N.B. would like to acknowledge the Minerva Stiftung Fellowship for funding this research. M.A.C would like to acknowledge the Vector Stiftung for their financial support. The authors thank C. Miksch for assistance with BCML. The authors would like to thank A. Itzhak and A. Kama for their support with EDS and optical measurements, as well as P. Schuetzenduebe for conducting the XPS measurements, G. Maier for the XRD measurements, and M. Alomari for performing the RTA. The authors would like to express their gratitude to P. van Aken for access to the Stuttgart Center for Electron Microscopy (StEM) and K. Hahn for the STEM measurements. The authors also thank A. Posada Boada for composing the 3D rendering of the nanostructures and V.M. Kadiri for optical images. The authors appreciate the scientific discussions with A.G. Athanassiadis, H. Kwon, and Z. Ma. The authors also acknowledge partial funding by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no 741251, ERC Advanced grant ELECTRA).
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| Horizon 2020 Framework Programme | |
| European Commission | |
| Minerva Foundation | |
| Horizon 2020 | 741251 |
| Vector Stiftung |
Keywords
- Combinatorial materials science (CMS)
- Compositional spread
- Glancing angle deposition (GLAD)
- Nanostructuring
- Oxygen evolution reaction (OER)