Cognitive modifiability in adolescence: Cognitive structure and the effects of intervention

A theory of cognitive modifiability deals with the phenomenon of low cognitive performance, explains its etiology, and forms the basis for a remedial intervention — Instrumental Enrichment (IE) — that induces changes of a structural nature. In contrast to learning by direct exposure to the environment, Mediated Learning Experience (MLE) occurs when a mediator interposes him/herself between the learner and the environment and interprets the world to the learner. The direct, or proximal, etiology of low performance is lack of MLE. IE is intended as a phase-specific substitute for MLE, and its major goal is to enhance cognitive modifiability by sensitizing the learner to formal and informal sources of learning and experience. The IE intervention program is briefly outlined, and empirical support for its efficacy is presented.