Coexistence of intrinsic and extrinsic origins of room temperature ferromagnetism in as implanted and thermally annealed ZnO films probed by x-ray absorption spectroscopy

P. Satyarthi, S. Ghosh, B. Pandey, P. Kumar, C. L. Chen, C. L. Dong, W. F. Pong, D. Kanjilal, K. Asokan, P. Srivastava

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

30 Scopus citations

Abstract

The present work reports the structural and ferromagnetic properties of 200 KeV Ni2 ion implanted ZnO films before and after annealing at 650 °C in air and correlates these properties with their electronic structures. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at Zn and Ni K-edges reveal that Zn metal cluster is absent in ZnO matrix, but there is an indication of clustering of Ni metal as a secondary phase. The XAS analysis of O K-edge shows (i) non-stoichiometric NiO segregation in as-implanted film and its absence/reduction in air annealed film, (ii) partial substitution of Ni 2 ions at tetrahedral Zn sites, and (iii) presence of lattice defects such as oxygen vacancies in both films. The observed ferromagnetic behavior of as-implanted and air annealed films has both intrinsic as well as extrinsic origins. The intrinsic and extrinsic origins are discussed in terms of bound magnetic polaron model and presence of antiferromagnetic NiO phase/ferromagnetic Ni metal clusters, respectively.

Original languageEnglish
Article number183708
JournalJournal of Applied Physics
Volume113
Issue number18
DOIs
StatePublished - 14 May 2013
Externally publishedYes

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Authors (P.S. and S.G.) acknowledge the financial support from the Department of Science & Technology (DST), New Delhi, India, to carry out this work. One of the authors (P. Satyarthi) is thankful to University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi, for the financial support through fellowship. K.A. acknowledges the Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Taiwan, for travel support to carry out measurements at NSRRC, Taiwan.

Funding

Authors (P.S. and S.G.) acknowledge the financial support from the Department of Science & Technology (DST), New Delhi, India, to carry out this work. One of the authors (P. Satyarthi) is thankful to University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi, for the financial support through fellowship. K.A. acknowledges the Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Taiwan, for travel support to carry out measurements at NSRRC, Taiwan.

FundersFunder number
Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
University Grants Commission
University Grants Committee
Department of Science and Technology, Government of West Bengal

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