Biologicals from animal cells in culture

Among the biological products whose production involves animal cell cultivation techniques are viral vaccines (human and veterinary), monoclonal antibodies, cell surface antigens, enzymes, polypeptide growth factors, hormones, immunoregulators, viral bioinsecticides, tumor antigens, cell mass as a product and reconstitution of living skin. The R and D and production of these substances is a complicated art requiring knowledge and experience in one or more of the following advanced technologies: 1. Hybridization techniques. 2. Development of novel as well as modification of conventional cultivation equipment. 3. Development of a wide range of microcarriers. 4. Adaptation of microencapsulation technology. 5. Intensive development of serum-free and/or low cost media for cultivation of animal cells. 6. Advances in protein concentration and purification techniques.