Base-free direct formylation of aromatic iodides using CO₂ as C₁ source catalyzed by palladium nanoparticles grafted onto amino-functionalized nanostarch

Highly dispersed Pd-nanoparticles grafted onto amino-functionalized nanostarch were found to be excellent heterogeneous catalysts for the direct formylation of various aromatic iodides to their corresponding aldehydes in excellent yields without using any base. The developed catalyst could easily be recovered and recycled for several runs without any significant loss in activity and importantly, no metal leaching was occurred during the reaction.