Autism spectrum disorder: Evolution of disorder definition, risk factors, and demographic characteristics in Israel

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are among the most common developmental disabilities. Since its first description, autism has been redefined multiple times. In the early 20th century, autism was classified as a psychotic disorder, grouped with schizophrenia by professionals. In the latter decades of the 20th century, the diagnosis was completely revised in the third revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-3), and redefined as a pervasive developmental disorder. At the outset of the 21st century, autism was re-conceptualized as a spectrum of neurobiological developmental disorders. With the changes in the definition, there has been worldwide increase in disease incidence and prevalence. In 2013, the DSM-5 definition for ASD was changed yet again.