TY - JOUR
T1 - ASIA syndrome and endocrine autoimmune disorders
AU - Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi
AU - Hejly, Ashraf
AU - Watad, Abdulla
AU - Adawi, Mohammed
AU - Amital, Howard
AU - Shoenfeld, Yehuda
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2020/1
Y1 - 2020/1
N2 - An adjuvant is an immunological or pharmacological substance or group of substances that can be added to a given agent to enhance its effect in terms of efficacy, effectiveness and potency. Different mechanisms have been hypothesized underlying the action of the adjuvant, including boosting immune (innate and adaptive) response: this generally results in sparing the necessary amount of the agent and can potentially reduce the frequency of the needed number of therapeutic interventions. Adjuvants can be commonly found in vaccines, immunization products, mineral oils, cosmetics, silicone breast implants and other therapeutic/medical devices, being usually safe and effective. However, in a fraction of genetically susceptible and predisposed subjects, the administration of adjuvants may lead to the insurgence of serious side-effects, called “autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome by adjuvants” (ASIA) or Shoenfeld's syndrome. The present review is aimed at focusing on the “endocrine pebbles” of the mosaic of autoimmunity and of the ASIA syndrome, collecting together 54 cases of sub-acute thyroiditis, 2 cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 11 cases of primary ovarian failure/primary ovarian insufficiency, 13 cases of autoimmune diabetes type 1, and 1 case of autoimmune adrenal gland insufficiency occurred after exposure to adjuvants.
AB - An adjuvant is an immunological or pharmacological substance or group of substances that can be added to a given agent to enhance its effect in terms of efficacy, effectiveness and potency. Different mechanisms have been hypothesized underlying the action of the adjuvant, including boosting immune (innate and adaptive) response: this generally results in sparing the necessary amount of the agent and can potentially reduce the frequency of the needed number of therapeutic interventions. Adjuvants can be commonly found in vaccines, immunization products, mineral oils, cosmetics, silicone breast implants and other therapeutic/medical devices, being usually safe and effective. However, in a fraction of genetically susceptible and predisposed subjects, the administration of adjuvants may lead to the insurgence of serious side-effects, called “autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome by adjuvants” (ASIA) or Shoenfeld's syndrome. The present review is aimed at focusing on the “endocrine pebbles” of the mosaic of autoimmunity and of the ASIA syndrome, collecting together 54 cases of sub-acute thyroiditis, 2 cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 11 cases of primary ovarian failure/primary ovarian insufficiency, 13 cases of autoimmune diabetes type 1, and 1 case of autoimmune adrenal gland insufficiency occurred after exposure to adjuvants.
KW - ASIA syndrome
KW - endocrine autoimmune disorders
KW - silicone breast implant
KW - vaccine adjuvants
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85081687735&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.beem.2020.101412
DO - 10.1016/j.beem.2020.101412
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C2 - 32265102
AN - SCOPUS:85081687735
SN - 1521-690X
VL - 34
JO - Best Practice and Research: Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
JF - Best Practice and Research: Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
IS - 1
M1 - 101412
ER -