Anomalous nonlinear X-ray Compton scattering

Matthias Fuchs; Mariano Trigo; Jian Chen; Shambhu Ghimire; Sharon Shwartz; Michael Kozina; Mason Jiang; Thomas Henighan; Crystal Bray; Georges Ndabashimiye; Philip H. Bucksbaum; Yiping Feng; Sven Herrmann; Gabriella A. Carini; Jack Pines; Philip Hart; Christopher Kenney; Serge Guillet; Sébastien Boutet; Garth J. Williams; Marc Messerschmidt; M. Marvin Seibert; Stefan Moeller; Jerome B. Hastings; David A. Reis

doi:10.1038/nphys3452

Anomalous nonlinear X-ray Compton scattering

Matthias Fuchs
, Mariano Trigo
, Jian Chen
, Shambhu Ghimire
, Sharon Shwartz
, Michael Kozina
, Mason Jiang
, Thomas Henighan
, Crystal Bray
, Georges Ndabashimiye
, Philip H. Bucksbaum
, Yiping Feng
, Sven Herrmann
, Gabriella A. Carini
, Jack Pines
, Philip Hart
, Christopher Kenney
, Serge Guillet
, Sébastien Boutet
, Garth J. Williams

Marc Messerschmidt, M. Marvin Seibert, Stefan Moeller, Jerome B. Hastings, David A. Reis

Department of Physics - at Bar-Ilan University

University of Nebraska-Lincoln
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
BioXFEL NSF Science and Technology Center

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

116 Scopus citations

Abstract

X-ray scattering is typically used as a weak linear atomic-scale probe of matter. At high intensities, such as produced at free-electron lasers, nonlinearities can become important, and the probe may no longer be considered weak. Here we report the observation of one of the most fundamental nonlinear X-ray-matter interactions: the concerted nonlinear Compton scattering of two identical hard X-ray photons producing a single higher-energy photon. The X-ray intensity reached 4×10 20 W cm 2, corresponding to an electric field well above the atomic unit of strength and within almost four orders of magnitude of the quantum-electrodynamic critical field. We measure a signal from solid beryllium that scales quadratically in intensity, consistent with simultaneous non-resonant two-photon scattering from nearly-free electrons. The high-energy photons show an anomalously large redshift that is incompatible with a free-electron approximation for the ground-state electron distribution, suggesting an enhanced nonlinearity for scattering at large momentum transfer.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	964-970
Number of pages	7
Journal	Nature Physics
Volume	11
Issue number	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3452
State	Published - 3 Nov 2015

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.

Funding

This work was supported primarily by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES) and the Volkswagen Foundation. Portions of this research were carried out at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. Preparatory measurements were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL). Both LCLS and SSRL are Office of Science User Facilities operated for the US Department of Energy Office of Science by Stanford University. M.F. acknowledges support from the Volkswagen Foundation. M.K. was supported by the DOE Office of Science Graduate Fellowship Program. M.T. and J.C. were supported by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, BES, DOE under contract 51 DE-AC02-76SF00515. D.A.R., G.N. and S.Ghimire were supported by the AMOS program within the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division, DOE, BES, DOE. We thank R. Santra for discussions.

Funders	Funder number
Biosciences Division
U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Science
Basic Energy Sciences
Senter for Autonome Marine Operasjoner og Systemer
Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering	51 DE-AC02-76SF00515
Volkswagen Foundation

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Fuchs, M., Trigo, M., Chen, J., Ghimire, S., Shwartz, S., Kozina, M., Jiang, M., Henighan, T., Bray, C., Ndabashimiye, G., Bucksbaum, P. H., Feng, Y., Herrmann, S., Carini, G. A., Pines, J., Hart, P., Kenney, C., Guillet, S., Boutet, S., ... Reis, D. A. (2015). Anomalous nonlinear X-ray Compton scattering. Nature Physics, 11(11), 964-970. https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3452

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title = "Anomalous nonlinear X-ray Compton scattering",

abstract = "X-ray scattering is typically used as a weak linear atomic-scale probe of matter. At high intensities, such as produced at free-electron lasers, nonlinearities can become important, and the probe may no longer be considered weak. Here we report the observation of one of the most fundamental nonlinear X-ray-matter interactions: the concerted nonlinear Compton scattering of two identical hard X-ray photons producing a single higher-energy photon. The X-ray intensity reached 4×10 20 W cm 2, corresponding to an electric field well above the atomic unit of strength and within almost four orders of magnitude of the quantum-electrodynamic critical field. We measure a signal from solid beryllium that scales quadratically in intensity, consistent with simultaneous non-resonant two-photon scattering from nearly-free electrons. The high-energy photons show an anomalously large redshift that is incompatible with a free-electron approximation for the ground-state electron distribution, suggesting an enhanced nonlinearity for scattering at large momentum transfer.",

author = "Matthias Fuchs and Mariano Trigo and Jian Chen and Shambhu Ghimire and Sharon Shwartz and Michael Kozina and Mason Jiang and Thomas Henighan and Crystal Bray and Georges Ndabashimiye and Bucksbaum, \{Philip H.\} and Yiping Feng and Sven Herrmann and Carini, \{Gabriella A.\} and Jack Pines and Philip Hart and Christopher Kenney and Serge Guillet and S{\'e}bastien Boutet and Williams, \{Garth J.\} and Marc Messerschmidt and Seibert, \{M. Marvin\} and Stefan Moeller and Hastings, \{Jerome B.\} and Reis, \{David A.\}",

year = "2015",

month = nov,

day = "3",

doi = "10.1038/nphys3452",

language = "אנגלית",

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Fuchs, M, Trigo, M, Chen, J, Ghimire, S, Shwartz, S, Kozina, M, Jiang, M, Henighan, T, Bray, C, Ndabashimiye, G, Bucksbaum, PH, Feng, Y, Herrmann, S, Carini, GA, Pines, J, Hart, P, Kenney, C, Guillet, S, Boutet, S, Williams, GJ, Messerschmidt, M, Seibert, MM, Moeller, S, Hastings, JB & Reis, DA 2015, 'Anomalous nonlinear X-ray Compton scattering', Nature Physics, vol. 11, no. 11, pp. 964-970. https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3452

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T1 - Anomalous nonlinear X-ray Compton scattering

AU - Fuchs, Matthias

AU - Trigo, Mariano

AU - Chen, Jian

AU - Ghimire, Shambhu

AU - Shwartz, Sharon

AU - Kozina, Michael

AU - Jiang, Mason

AU - Henighan, Thomas

AU - Bray, Crystal

AU - Ndabashimiye, Georges

AU - Bucksbaum, Philip H.

AU - Feng, Yiping

AU - Herrmann, Sven

AU - Carini, Gabriella A.

AU - Pines, Jack

AU - Hart, Philip

AU - Kenney, Christopher

AU - Guillet, Serge

AU - Boutet, Sébastien

AU - Williams, Garth J.

AU - Messerschmidt, Marc

AU - Seibert, M. Marvin

AU - Moeller, Stefan

AU - Hastings, Jerome B.

AU - Reis, David A.

PY - 2015/11/3

Y1 - 2015/11/3

N2 - X-ray scattering is typically used as a weak linear atomic-scale probe of matter. At high intensities, such as produced at free-electron lasers, nonlinearities can become important, and the probe may no longer be considered weak. Here we report the observation of one of the most fundamental nonlinear X-ray-matter interactions: the concerted nonlinear Compton scattering of two identical hard X-ray photons producing a single higher-energy photon. The X-ray intensity reached 4×10 20 W cm 2, corresponding to an electric field well above the atomic unit of strength and within almost four orders of magnitude of the quantum-electrodynamic critical field. We measure a signal from solid beryllium that scales quadratically in intensity, consistent with simultaneous non-resonant two-photon scattering from nearly-free electrons. The high-energy photons show an anomalously large redshift that is incompatible with a free-electron approximation for the ground-state electron distribution, suggesting an enhanced nonlinearity for scattering at large momentum transfer.

AB - X-ray scattering is typically used as a weak linear atomic-scale probe of matter. At high intensities, such as produced at free-electron lasers, nonlinearities can become important, and the probe may no longer be considered weak. Here we report the observation of one of the most fundamental nonlinear X-ray-matter interactions: the concerted nonlinear Compton scattering of two identical hard X-ray photons producing a single higher-energy photon. The X-ray intensity reached 4×10 20 W cm 2, corresponding to an electric field well above the atomic unit of strength and within almost four orders of magnitude of the quantum-electrodynamic critical field. We measure a signal from solid beryllium that scales quadratically in intensity, consistent with simultaneous non-resonant two-photon scattering from nearly-free electrons. The high-energy photons show an anomalously large redshift that is incompatible with a free-electron approximation for the ground-state electron distribution, suggesting an enhanced nonlinearity for scattering at large momentum transfer.

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JO - Nature Physics

JF - Nature Physics

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ER -

Anomalous nonlinear X-ray Compton scattering

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