Analysis of deposited layers with deuterium and impurity elements on samples from the divertor of JET with ITER-like wall

JET Contributors

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2018.11.027

Analysis of deposited layers with deuterium and impurity elements on samples from the divertor of JET with ITER-like wall

JET Contributors

Department of Physics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

18 Scopus citations

Abstract

Inconel-600 blocks and stainless steel covers for quartz microbalance crystals from remote corners in the JET-ILW divertor were studied with time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis and nuclear reaction analysis to obtain information about the areal densities and depth profiles of elements present in deposited material layers. Surface morphology and the composition of dust particles were examined with scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The analysed components were present in JET during three ITER-like wall campaigns between 2010 and 2017. Deposited layers had a stratified structure, primarily made up of beryllium, carbon and oxygen with varying atomic fractions of deuterium, up to more than 20%. The range of carbon transport from the ribs of the divertor carrier was limited to a few centimeters, and carbon/deuterium co-deposition was indicated on the Inconel blocks. High atomic fractions of deuterium were also found in almost carbon-free layers on the quartz microbalance covers. Layer thicknesses up to more than 1 μm were indicated, but typical values were on the order of a few hundred nm. Chromium, iron and nickel fractions were less than or around 1% at layer surfaces while increasing close to the layer-substrate interface. The tungsten fraction depended on the proximity of the plasma strike point to the divertor corners. Particles of tungsten, molybdenum and copper with sizes less than or around 1 μm were found. Nitrogen, argon and neon were present after plasma edge cooling and disruption mitigation. Oxygen-18 was found on component surfaces after injection, indicating in-vessel oxidation. Compensation of elastic recoil detection data for detection efficiency and ion-induced release of deuterium during the measurement gave quantitative agreement with nuclear reaction analysis, which strengthens the validity of the results.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	202-213
Number of pages	12
Journal	Journal of Nuclear Materials
Volume	516
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2018.11.027
State	Published - 1 Apr 2019

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2018

Funding

This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 under grant agreement number 633053. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. Work was performed under work package WPJET2. The Tandem Laboratory has been supported by grants from the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, grant number RIF14-0053, and the Swedish Council for Research Infrastructures (VR-RFI), grant number 821-2012-5144. Further support from the Swedish Research Council, grant numbers 2015-04884 and 2017-00643 is gratefully acknowledged. This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 under grant agreement number 633053 . The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. Work was performed under work package WPJET2. The Tandem Laboratory has been supported by grants from the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research , grant number RIF14-0053 , and the Swedish Council for Research Infrastructures (VR-RFI) , grant number 821-2012-5144 . Further support from the Swedish Research Council , grant numbers 2015-04884 and 2017-00643 is gratefully acknowledged.

Funders	Funder number
Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018
Swedish Council for Research Infrastructures
VR-RFI	821-2012-5144
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme
H2020 Euratom	633053
Stiftelsen för Strategisk Forskning	RIF14-0053
Vetenskapsrådet	2015-04884, 2017-00643

Keywords

Fusion
NRA
Plasma-wall interactions
SEM
ToF-ERDA
Tokamak

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10.1016/j.jnucmat.2018.11.027

Cite this

@article{a681aaf15ce044d29ca9d29f762b2c4d,

title = "Analysis of deposited layers with deuterium and impurity elements on samples from the divertor of JET with ITER-like wall",

abstract = "Inconel-600 blocks and stainless steel covers for quartz microbalance crystals from remote corners in the JET-ILW divertor were studied with time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis and nuclear reaction analysis to obtain information about the areal densities and depth profiles of elements present in deposited material layers. Surface morphology and the composition of dust particles were examined with scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The analysed components were present in JET during three ITER-like wall campaigns between 2010 and 2017. Deposited layers had a stratified structure, primarily made up of beryllium, carbon and oxygen with varying atomic fractions of deuterium, up to more than 20%. The range of carbon transport from the ribs of the divertor carrier was limited to a few centimeters, and carbon/deuterium co-deposition was indicated on the Inconel blocks. High atomic fractions of deuterium were also found in almost carbon-free layers on the quartz microbalance covers. Layer thicknesses up to more than 1 μm were indicated, but typical values were on the order of a few hundred nm. Chromium, iron and nickel fractions were less than or around 1% at layer surfaces while increasing close to the layer-substrate interface. The tungsten fraction depended on the proximity of the plasma strike point to the divertor corners. Particles of tungsten, molybdenum and copper with sizes less than or around 1 μm were found. Nitrogen, argon and neon were present after plasma edge cooling and disruption mitigation. Oxygen-18 was found on component surfaces after injection, indicating in-vessel oxidation. Compensation of elastic recoil detection data for detection efficiency and ion-induced release of deuterium during the measurement gave quantitative agreement with nuclear reaction analysis, which strengthens the validity of the results.",

keywords = "Fusion, NRA, Plasma-wall interactions, SEM, ToF-ERDA, Tokamak",

author = "{JET Contributors} and P. Str{\"o}m and P. Petersson and M. Rubel and E. Fortuna-Zale{\'s}na and A. Widdowson and G. Sergienko and X. Litaudon and S. Abduallev and M. Abhangi and P. Abreu and M. Afzal and Aggarwal, {K. M.} and T. Ahlgren and Ahn, {J. H.} and L. Aho-Mantila and N. Aiba and M. Airila and R. Albanese and V. Aldred and D. Alegre and E. Alessi and P. Aleynikov and A. Alfier and A. Alkseev and M. Allinson and B. Alper and E. Alves and G. Ambrosino and R. Ambrosino and L. Amicucci and V. Amosov and {Andersson Sunden}, E. and M. Angelone and M. Anghel and C. Angioni and L. Appel and C. Appelbee and P. Arena and M. Ariola and H. Arnichand and S. Arshad and A. Ash and N. Ashikawa and V. Aslanyan and O. Asunta and F. Auriemma and Y. Austin and L. Avotina and Axton, {M. D.} and D. Borodin",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018",

year = "2019",

month = apr,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.jnucmat.2018.11.027",

language = "אנגלית",

volume = "516",

pages = "202--213",

journal = "Journal of Nuclear Materials",

issn = "0022-3115",

publisher = "Elsevier",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Analysis of deposited layers with deuterium and impurity elements on samples from the divertor of JET with ITER-like wall

AU - JET Contributors

AU - Ström, P.

AU - Petersson, P.

AU - Rubel, M.

AU - Fortuna-Zaleśna, E.

AU - Widdowson, A.

AU - Sergienko, G.

AU - Litaudon, X.

AU - Abduallev, S.

AU - Abhangi, M.

AU - Abreu, P.

AU - Afzal, M.

AU - Aggarwal, K. M.

AU - Ahlgren, T.

AU - Ahn, J. H.

AU - Aho-Mantila, L.

AU - Aiba, N.

AU - Airila, M.

AU - Albanese, R.

AU - Aldred, V.

AU - Alegre, D.

AU - Alessi, E.

AU - Aleynikov, P.

AU - Alfier, A.

AU - Alkseev, A.

AU - Allinson, M.

AU - Alper, B.

AU - Alves, E.

AU - Ambrosino, G.

AU - Ambrosino, R.

AU - Amicucci, L.

AU - Amosov, V.

AU - Andersson Sunden, E.

AU - Angelone, M.

AU - Anghel, M.

AU - Angioni, C.

AU - Appel, L.

AU - Appelbee, C.

AU - Arena, P.

AU - Ariola, M.

AU - Arnichand, H.

AU - Arshad, S.

AU - Ash, A.

AU - Ashikawa, N.

AU - Aslanyan, V.

AU - Asunta, O.

AU - Auriemma, F.

AU - Austin, Y.

AU - Avotina, L.

AU - Axton, M. D.

AU - Borodin, D.

PY - 2019/4/1

Y1 - 2019/4/1

N2 - Inconel-600 blocks and stainless steel covers for quartz microbalance crystals from remote corners in the JET-ILW divertor were studied with time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis and nuclear reaction analysis to obtain information about the areal densities and depth profiles of elements present in deposited material layers. Surface morphology and the composition of dust particles were examined with scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The analysed components were present in JET during three ITER-like wall campaigns between 2010 and 2017. Deposited layers had a stratified structure, primarily made up of beryllium, carbon and oxygen with varying atomic fractions of deuterium, up to more than 20%. The range of carbon transport from the ribs of the divertor carrier was limited to a few centimeters, and carbon/deuterium co-deposition was indicated on the Inconel blocks. High atomic fractions of deuterium were also found in almost carbon-free layers on the quartz microbalance covers. Layer thicknesses up to more than 1 μm were indicated, but typical values were on the order of a few hundred nm. Chromium, iron and nickel fractions were less than or around 1% at layer surfaces while increasing close to the layer-substrate interface. The tungsten fraction depended on the proximity of the plasma strike point to the divertor corners. Particles of tungsten, molybdenum and copper with sizes less than or around 1 μm were found. Nitrogen, argon and neon were present after plasma edge cooling and disruption mitigation. Oxygen-18 was found on component surfaces after injection, indicating in-vessel oxidation. Compensation of elastic recoil detection data for detection efficiency and ion-induced release of deuterium during the measurement gave quantitative agreement with nuclear reaction analysis, which strengthens the validity of the results.

AB - Inconel-600 blocks and stainless steel covers for quartz microbalance crystals from remote corners in the JET-ILW divertor were studied with time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis and nuclear reaction analysis to obtain information about the areal densities and depth profiles of elements present in deposited material layers. Surface morphology and the composition of dust particles were examined with scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The analysed components were present in JET during three ITER-like wall campaigns between 2010 and 2017. Deposited layers had a stratified structure, primarily made up of beryllium, carbon and oxygen with varying atomic fractions of deuterium, up to more than 20%. The range of carbon transport from the ribs of the divertor carrier was limited to a few centimeters, and carbon/deuterium co-deposition was indicated on the Inconel blocks. High atomic fractions of deuterium were also found in almost carbon-free layers on the quartz microbalance covers. Layer thicknesses up to more than 1 μm were indicated, but typical values were on the order of a few hundred nm. Chromium, iron and nickel fractions were less than or around 1% at layer surfaces while increasing close to the layer-substrate interface. The tungsten fraction depended on the proximity of the plasma strike point to the divertor corners. Particles of tungsten, molybdenum and copper with sizes less than or around 1 μm were found. Nitrogen, argon and neon were present after plasma edge cooling and disruption mitigation. Oxygen-18 was found on component surfaces after injection, indicating in-vessel oxidation. Compensation of elastic recoil detection data for detection efficiency and ion-induced release of deuterium during the measurement gave quantitative agreement with nuclear reaction analysis, which strengthens the validity of the results.

KW - Fusion

KW - NRA

KW - Plasma-wall interactions

KW - SEM

KW - ToF-ERDA

KW - Tokamak

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DO - 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2018.11.027

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AN - SCOPUS:85060313456

SN - 0022-3115

VL - 516

SP - 202

EP - 213

JO - Journal of Nuclear Materials

JF - Journal of Nuclear Materials

ER -

Analysis of deposited layers with deuterium and impurity elements on samples from the divertor of JET with ITER-like wall

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

Access to Document

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