An Optimal Model for Decision-Making by Individuals

This paper presents a detailed optimal model of a metacognitive decision-making process for individuals. With the aid of an organizing diagram, the various stages of decision-making are presented: gathering and organizing information prior to problem definition; definition of the problem; gathering and organizing information in the light of the definition; planning the solution's implementation, and feedback. The process involves two systems. One, which is supportive, includes mental imagery, self-talk, regulation of processing, management of time and resources, and precision. The second system oversees the process through monitoring and control. The model's advantages are expressed in four areas: high probability of correct decisions, over time; reduction of grave errors; creation of new strategies; and facilitation of positive transfer to new tasks and situations. The paper proposes several future directions: expanding the theory to include group processes and affective and motivational factors, validation of the model through empirical and qualitative studies, and application of the model in instruction, learning and various other fields.