A Prospective Trial to Assess the Efficacy of Eye-Tracking-Based Binocular Treatment versus Patching for Children’s Amblyopia: A Pilot Study

Purpose: To assess visual acuity (VA) and stereoacuity (SA) improvements in children with amblyopia treated with either binocular dichoptic treatment or patching treatment. Methods: In this pilot prospective coherent study, 34 participants between 4 and 9 years of age with unilateral anisometropic amblyopia and without history of prior amblyopia treatment were enrolled into three groups. Full treatment group (FTG; n = 12): participants were prescribed the binocular dichoptic treatment to watch for 90 minutes per day, 5 days a week. Part-time treatment group (PTTG; n = 8): participants were prescribed the same binocular treatment as FTG, 90 minutes per day, 3 days per week. Patching treatment group (PTG; n = 14): participants wore an adhesive patch over the dominant eye for 2 hours per day, 7 days per week. Amblyopic-eye distance visual acuity (DVA), near visual acuity (NVA) and SA were evaluated at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Results: At 12 weeks, mean amblyopic-eye DVA improved 1.8 lines (95% CI, 1.1–2.5) in FTG, 1.5 lines (95% CI, 0.4–2.7) in PTTG and 3.0 lines (95% CI, 2.0–4.0) in PTG. The amblyopic-eye NVA improved 2.9 lines (95% CI, 2.4–3.5) in FTG, 1.7 lines (95% CI, 0.5–3.0) in PTTG and 2.8 lines (95% CI, 1.8–3.9) in PTG. The SA improved 0.38 log-arcseconds (95% CI, 0.24–0.53) in FTG, 0.59 log-arcseconds (95% CI, 0.36–0.82) in PTTG and 0.40 log-arcseconds (95% CI, 0.13–0.67) in PTG. No significant differences were found in DVA, NVA or SA improvement between FTG and PTG at 12 weeks. Conclusions: VA and SA after binocular dichoptic treatment produced a similar therapeutic outcome to patching, suggesting a potential value for binocular therapy when treating anisometropic moderate degree of Children’s amblyopia.