​גיבוש זהות אתנית מורכבת, השתלבות וכוונות עזיבה בקרב בני הדור ה-1.5 מברית המועצות לשעבר

Formation of Complex Ethnic Identity, Integration,and Intention to Leave among the 1.5 Generation Yuliya Stavissky, Rina Shachar AbstractIn the 1990s almost 1.5 million immigrants from the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (the former USSR) came to Israel, some of whom were in their mid-teens. These immigrants are called the 1.5 generation immigrants. Studies have shown that they experienced various integration difficulties, due to the interruption of their identity formation process following their immigration and their non-participation in the decision to immigrate. The purpose of this study was to examine whether their identity formation strategy, expressed in the adoption of multiple identities, is related to their objective and subjective integration in the destination country, and whether such complex ethnic identity formation is related to the 1.5generation's decision to remain in or emigrate from Israel. Furthermore, it examines whether such a relationship–between a complex ethnic identity and integration and the intention of leaving–also exists among the 1.5 generation immigrants who realized their intention to leave and returned to Russia. To investigate the research questions, analyses were conducted on the responses of254 immigrants,108 of whom decided to return to Russia and 146 of whom chose to stay in Israel.The main findings indicate a positive and strong correlation between both the objective and subjective parameters for integration in the country, whether in Russia or in Israel. These two variables were found to be predictors of the intent to leave or remain in the country. A moderated mediation model found that complex ethnic identity, defined as the adoption of several identities, among the population of immigrants who remained in Israel predicts objective integration as well a ssubjective integration, which in turn negatively predicts intentions to leave. Consequently, the adoption of a complex ethnic identity mediated by objective and subjective integration has a significant role in the immigrant's intent to stay in Israel. The complex ethnic identity of those who returned to Russia apparently did not contribute to integration and at times even harmed it.