Debra Kaplan is a social historian of the early modern period at Bar Ilan University. She formerly held the Dr. Pinkhos Churgin Memorial Chair of Jewish History at Yeshiva University, where she also served as Associate Chair of the Robert M. Beren Department of Jewish Studies at Yeshiva College.

She is Director, The Samuel Braun Chair for the History of the Jews in Germany

Kaplan specializes on different areas of Jewish life in early modern Jewry, including Jewish-Christian relations, the Protestant Reformation, Jewish women, economics and charity, and communal history.